Quest for clarity: investigating concussion-related responsibilities across the New Zealand Rugby Community System.

There is a growing concern around concussions in rugby union, at all levels of the game. These concerns highlight the need to better manage and care for players. However, consistency around concussion-related responsibilities of stakeholders across the community rugby system remains challenging.

Sport concussion assessment in New Zealand high school rugby players: a collaborative approach to the challenges faced in primary care.

Primary Objective: To describe the collaborative development of a New Zealand Rugby Concussion Assessment (NZRCA) for primary care and to provide normative baseline data from a representative group of high school rugby players.

Methods: This study, conducted over the 2018 and 2019 community rugby season where players were baseline tested during the pre- or start of season period.

Results: Data were collected from 1428 players (males n = 1121, females n = 307) with a mean age of 15.

Baseline concussion assessment performance of community-based senior rugby players: a cross-sectional study.

Objective: To report pre-season baseline concussion assessment performance among senior rugby players and explore associations between assessment performance and player demographics.

Design: A cross-sectional study using the New Zealand Rugby Concussion Assessments (NZRCA), comprising symptom, cognitive and dynamic coordination assessments was conducted in the 2018-2019 season.

Methods: Players' baseline assessments were characterised using descriptive statistics; effect sizes (ES) and t-tests were used to explore associations between player demographic characteristics and NZRCA performance.

The Cyberbullying Picture Series (CyPicS): Developed for Use in Cyberbullying and Cyberbystander Research.

While research has examined bystander responses in a traditional sense, there is a dearth of research regarding responses of cyberbystanders in a real-time situation, such as observing a cyberbullying scenario. This article describes a novel protocol designed to develop a series of images to be used to undertake research that aims to examine cyberbystander responses. A total of 24 scenarios (12 negative (cyberbullying) and 12 neutral) were created by the researchers and designed to mimic the way such scenarios would appear on a social networking site.

What they know and who they are telling: Concussion knowledge and disclosure behaviour in New Zealand adolescent rugby union players.

The purpose of this study was to survey high school rugby players from a range of ethnic, geographic and socioeconomic backgrounds in New Zealand (NZ) to gain an understanding of concussion knowledge, awareness of NZ Rugby's (NZR) guidelines and attitudes towards reporting behaviours. Male and female high school rugby players (n= 416) from across NZ were surveyed. The findings indicated that 69% of players had sustained a suspected concussion, and 31% had received a medical diagnosis of concussion.

Applying a systems thinking lens to injury causation in the outdoors: Evidence collected during 3 years of the Understanding and Preventing Led Outdoor Accidents Data System.

Introduction: This article presents a detailed systems analysis of injury incidents from 35 Australian led outdoor activity organisations between 2014 to 2017.

Method: Injury incident reports were collected using a specific led outdoor activity incident reporting system known as UPLOADS (Understanding and Preventing Led Outdoor Accidents Data System).

Results: In total, 1367 people sustained injuries from across 20 different activities, with an injury rate of 1.

Sports-related concussion management as a control problem: using STAMP to examine concussion management in community rugby.

The effective management of sports-related concussion is an on-going problem in amateur sport due to a number of systemic issues. These factors have often been studied in isolation with minimal consideration for the interactions between them, or the overall system in which they occur. The aim of this research was to model the actors, controls, and feedback mechanisms influencing the management of concussion in community rugby union using the Systems-Theoretic Accident Model and Processes (STAMP) method.

Applying systems ergonomics methods in sport: A systematic review.

Introduction: As sports systems become increasingly more complex, competitive, and technology-centric, there is a greater need for systems ergonomics methods to consider the performance, health, and safety of athletes in context with the wider settings in which they operate. Therefore, the purpose of this systematic review was to identify and critically evaluate studies which have applied a systems ergonomics research approach in the context of sports performance and injury management.

Material And Methods: Five databases (PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, and SPORTDiscus) were searched for the dates 01 January 1990 to 01 August 2017, inclusive, for original peer-reviewed journal articles and conference papers.

A systems approach to understanding the identification and treatment of sport-related concussion in community rugby union.

Aim: The aim of the present study was to utilise a systems thinking approach to explore the perceived responsibilities for identifying and treating concussion held by different actors across the community rugby system (e.g., players, coaches, parents, medics, referees, and management), as well as their role-specific concussion management strategies.

Designing System Reforms: Using a Systems Approach to Translate Incident Analyses into Prevention Strategies.

Advocates of systems thinking approaches argue that accident prevention strategies should focus on reforming the system rather than on fixing the "broken components." However, little guidance exists on how organizations can translate incident data into prevention strategies that address the systemic causes of accidents. This article describes and evaluates a series of systems thinking prevention strategies that were designed in response to the analysis of multiple incidents.

A knock to the system: A new sociotechnical systems approach to sport-related concussion.

Broader contextual factors that influence concussion management have tended to be overlooked. To address this, the present study used a sociotechnical systems approach to identify perceived responsibilities and applied strategies for three domains of concussion management (i.e.

Is it really good to talk? Testing the impact of providing concurrent verbal protocols on driving performance.

Questions have been raised regarding the impact that providing concurrent verbal protocols has on task performance in various settings; however, there has been little empirical testing of this in road transport. The aim of this study was to examine the impact of providing concurrent verbal protocols on driving performance. Participants drove an instrumented vehicle around a set route, twice whilst providing a concurrent verbal protocol, and twice without.

Depression, anxiety, and stress in young adults with phenylketonuria: associations with biochemistry.

Objective: Increasing concurrent phenylalanine to "off-diet" levels in adults with phenylketonuria (PKU) has been shown to lead to mood disturbances. However, the impact of controlled phenylalanine exposure across the developmental life span and mood stability remains questionable. The aim of this study was to investigate correlations between lifetime and concurrent phenylalanine (Phe) and tyrosine (Tyr) with levels of depression, anxiety, and stress in young adults maintaining a continuously treated diet for PKU.