Long-term Insights: Histopathological Assessment of Polyurethane Implant Capsules Over 24 Years.

Background: Polyurethane (PU)-coated breast implants are known for their strong integration into breast tissue and the formation of capsules around them. However, capsular contracture can pose both aesthetic and clinical challenges.

Objectives: The objectives of this study were to analyze the biological and morphological characteristics of the capsular tissue surrounding PU-coated implants, irrespective of their contracture status, and to assess their potential suitability as a flap in revisional breast surgery for capsular contracture.

Micellar solution of [Ra]RaCl: Reaching renal excretion, potent efficacy in osteoblastic osteosarcoma in PDX model, biochemistry alterations and pharmacokinetics.

Despite the successful use of the radiopharmaceutical radium-223 dichloride ([Ra]RaCl) for targeted alpha therapy of castration-resistant prostate cancer patients with bone metastases, some short-term side effects, such as diarrhea and vomiting, have been documented, causing patient discomfort. Hence, we prepared a nanosized micellar solution of [Ra]RaCl and evaluated its biodistribution, pharmacokinetics, and induced biochemical changes in healthy mice up to 96 h after intraperitoneal administration as an alternative to overcome the previous limitations. In addition, we evaluated the bone specificity of micellar [Ra]RaCl in patient-derived xenografts in the osteosarcoma model.

Characterization of the Masquelet Induced Membrane Technique in a Murine Segmental Bone Defect Model.

 To reproduce in an animal model the surgical technique of Masquelet used in the treatment of critical bone defects and to analyze the characteristics of the membrane formed around the bone cement.  A 10mm critical defect was created in the femoral shaft of 21 Sprague-Dawley rats. After resection of the central portion of the diaphysis, the defect was stabilized with a Kirschner wire introduced through the medullary canal and with the interposition of a bone cement spacer.

Behavioral manifestations in rodent models of autism spectrum disorder: protocol for a systematic review and network meta-analysis.

Background: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition associated with severe social communication, interaction, and sensory processing impairments. Efforts to understand its etiology and pathophysiology are crucial for improving treatment and prevention measures. Preclinical models of ASD are essential for investigating the biological mechanisms and should present translatability potential.

Correlation Between Implant Positioning and Functional Outcomes in Partial Shoulder Resurfacing.

 The present study aimed to correlate functional outcomes and implant positioning in a case series of partial shoulder resurfacing arthroplasties.  A total of 25 patients were assessed for range of motion, functional outcome per the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) score and radiographic findings. Pre- and postoperative data were compared.

In vivo evaluation of skin integration with ventricular assist device drivelines.

Background: Ventricular assist device (VAD) driveline exit site infection is a common complication. 3D scaffolds manufactured with highly homogeneous pores via melt electro-writing (MEW) may generate an improved skin-driveline interface which permits cellular in-growth and creates a barrier to prevent bacterial migration along the driveline tissue tunnel. This study investigated skin integration on segments of Heartmate 3 driveline: smooth polyurethane, velour, and on a custom MEW scaffold in a small animal model.

Infection after primary total knee arthroplasty: a randomized controlled prospective study of the addition of antibiotics to bone cement.

 The present prospective, randomized and controlled study was conducted with 286 patients submitted to primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA) with the objective of evaluating the efficacy of the addition of antibiotics to bone cement as a way to prevent post arthroplasty infection (PAI).  The patients were randomized into two groups: bone cement without antibiotic (No ATB, = 158) or cement with antibiotic (ATB, = 128), in which 2 g of vancomycin was added to 40 g of cement. The patients were followed up for 24 months after surgery.

PTH improves devitalized allogenic bone graft healing in a murine femoral critical size defect.

The treatment of large segmental defects of long bones resulting from trauma, infection, or bone tumor resections is a major challenge for orthopedic surgeons. The reconstruction of bone defects with acellular allografts can be used as an osteoconductive approach. However, devitalized allografts are associated with high rates of clinical failure as a result of poor intrinsic osteoinduction properties and a lack of further remodeling.

A humanised rat model of osteosarcoma reveals ultrastructural differences between bone and mineralised tumour tissue.

Current xenograft animal models fail to accurately replicate the complexity of human bone disease. To gain translatable and clinically valuable data from animal models, new in vivo models need to be developed that mimic pivotal aspects of human bone physiology as well as its diseased state. Above all, an advanced bone disease model should promote the development of new treatment strategies and facilitate the conduction of common clinical interventional procedures.

Poly(2-allylamidopropyl-2-oxazoline)-Based Hydrogels: From Accelerated Gelation Kinetics to Compatibility in a Murine Subdermal Implant Model.

A rapid photo-curing system based on poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline--2-allylamidopropyl-2-oxazoline) and its compatibility are presented. The base polymer was synthesized from the copolymerization of 2-ethyl-2-oxazoline (EtOx) and the methyl ester containing 2-methoxycarboxypropyl-2-oxazoline (CMestOx) followed by amidation with allylamine to yield a highly water-soluble macromer. We showed that spherical hydrogels can be obtained by a simple water-in-oil gelation method using thiol-ene coupling and investigated the biocompatibility of these hydrogel spheres in a 28-day murine subdermal model.

Convergence of 3D printed biomimetic wound dressings and adult stem cell therapy.

Biomimetically designed medical-grade polycaprolactone (mPCL) dressings are 3D-printed with pore architecture and anisotropic mechanical characteristics that favor skin wound healing with reduced scarring. Melt electrowritten mPCL dressings are seeded with human gingival tissue multipotent mesenchymal stem/stromal cells and cryopreserved using a clinically approved method. The regenerative potential of fresh or frozen cell-seeded mPCL dressing is compared in a splinted full-thickness excisional wound in a rat model over six weeks.

Occurrence of multiple genotype infection caused by Leishmania infantum in naturally infected dogs.

Genetic polymorphisms in natural Leishmania populations have been reported in endemic areas. Microsatellite typing is a useful tool to elucidate the genetic variability of parasite strains, due to its capability for high-resolution mapping of genomic targets. The present study employed multilocus microsatellite typing (MLMT) to explore the genotypic composition of Leishmania infantum in naturally infected dogs by genotyping parasites infecting different tissues with or without in vitro expansion.

Tranexamic acid use in high-risk blood transfusion patients undergoing total hip replacement: a randomised controlled trial.

Introduction: We hypothesised that a single preoperative intravenous dose of tranexamic acid (TXA) is effective in patients who undergo total hip arthroplasty (THA) and are at high risk of blood transfusion (preoperative haemoglobin level <13.0 g/dL).

Methods: A prospective, randomised controlled study of 308 patients who underwent primary THA was conducted.

Factors Influencing the Outcome of Osteosynthesis in the Fracture of the Femoral Neck in Young Adult Patients.

 To evaluate the factors that influence the outcome of osteosynthesis after closed reduction of the fracture of the femoral neck in young adult patients.  A retrospective study was conducted, reviewing the data of patients operated in a large orthopedic hospital from 2003 to 2011; a total of 81 patients met the inclusion criteria. The time interval between the fracture and the surgery, the initial fracture deviation, the quality of the reduction, and the placement of the implant were evaluated.

Atrophic nonunion stromal cells form bone and recreate the bone marrow environment in vivo.

Introduction: Nonunion is a challenging condition in orthopaedics as its etiology is not fully understood. Clinical interventions currently aim to stimulate both the biological and mechanical aspects of the bone healing process by using bone autografts and surgical fixation. However, recent observations showed that atrophic nonunion tissues contain putative osteoprogenitors, raising the hypothesis that its reactivation could be explored to achieve bone repair.

The obturator oblique and iliac oblique/outlet views predict most accurately the adequate position of an anterior column acetabular screw.

Objective: Percutaneous fixation of the acetabulum is a treatment option for select acetabular fractures. Intra-operative fluoroscopy is required, and despite various described imaging strategies, it is debatable as to which combination of fluoroscopic views provides the most accurate and reliable assessment of screw position.

Materials And Methods: Using five synthetic pelvic models, an experimental setup was created in which the anterior acetabular columns were instrumented with screws in five distinct trajectories.

Hepatozoon canis and Leishmania spp. coinfection in dogs diagnosed with visceral leishmaniasis.

This study describes the occurrence of dogs naturally co-infected with Hepatozoon canis and two Leishmania species: L. infantum or L. braziliensis.

Epidemiological study on giant cell tumor recurrence at the Brazilian National Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics.

Objective: Giant cell tumors are benign bone neoplasms that are relatively rare in adults and their biological behavior is still unpredictable. The incidence of local recurrence has presented variation between 0% and 65% in studies conducted worldwide, but few data are available on this complication in the Brazilian population.

Methods: Information on 155 patients with confirmed histological diagnoses of giant cell tumor who were treated in our institution's orthopedic oncology service between January 2000 and July 2014 was gathered.

Detection and quantification of Leishmania infantum in naturally and experimentally infected animal samples.

Leishmania infantum is one of the causative agents of visceral leishmaniasis (VL). VL is the most severe form of leishmaniasis and can be fatal if it is not properly treated. Although several PCR works are intended to detect L.

Azido- and chlorido-cobalt complex as carrier-prototypes for antitumoral prodrugs.

Cobalt(III) complexes are well-suited systems for cytotoxic drug release under hypoxic conditions. Here, we investigate the effect of cytotoxic azide release by cobalt-containing carrier-prototypes for antitumoral prodrugs. In addition, we study the species formed after reduction of Co(3+) → Co(2+) in the proposed models for these prodrugs.

Parasite load induces progressive spleen architecture breakage and impairs cytokine mRNA expression in Leishmania infantum-naturally infected dogs.

Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis (CVL) shares many aspects with the human disease and dogs are considered the main urban reservoir of L. infantum in zoonotic VL. Infected dogs develop progressive disease with a large clinical spectrum.

Hospitalization time after open appendectomy by three different surgical techniques.

Background: The choice of surgical technique to approach the appendicular stump depends mostly on skill and personal preference of the surgeon or on the protocol used in the service, and the influence of this choice in hospitalization time is not evaluated.

Aim: To evaluate the relation between surgical technique and postoperative hospitalization time in patients presenting with acute appendicitis.

Methods: Retrospective analysis of 180 patients who underwent open appendectomy.

The effect of bone allografts combined with bone marrow stromal cells on the healing of segmental bone defects in a sheep model.

Background: The repair of large bone defects is a major orthopedic challenge because autologous bone grafts are not available in large amounts and because harvesting is often associated with donor-site morbidity. Considering that bone marrow stromal cells (BMSC) are responsible for the maintenance of bone turnover throughout life, we investigated bone repair at a site of a critically sized segmental defect in sheep tibia treated with BMSCs loaded onto allografts. The defect was created in the mid-portion of the tibial diaphysis of eight adult sheep, and the sheep were treated with ex-vivo expanded autologous BMSCs isolated from marrow aspirates and loaded onto cortical allografts (n = 4).

Late adherent human bone marrow stromal cells form bone and restore the hematopoietic microenvironment in vivo.

Bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) are a valuable resource for skeletal regenerative medicine because of their osteogenic potential. In spite of the very general term "stem cell," this population of cells is far from homogeneous, and different BMSCs clones have greatly different phenotypic properties and, therefore, potentially different therapeutic potential. Adherence to a culture flask surface is a primary defining characteristic of BMSCs.

Canine cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by neotropical Leishmania infantum despite of systemic disease: A case report.

Visceral leishmaniasis is an anthropozoonosis caused by a protozoan Leishmania infantum (syn. Leishmania chagasi). Here, we report a typical case of canine cutaneous leishmaniasis due to L.