Nutritional Knowledge and Practices of Low-Income Women During Pregnancy: A Qualitative Study in Two Oaxacan Cities.

Background: Adequate dietary intake is critical for healthy pregnancies. Recent changes in social services in Mexico, coupled with high levels of food insecurity, call into question whether expecting women of the lowest socioeconomic status are able to meet their dietary and nutritional needs in this changing context. The aim of this study was to explore the nutritional practices, education and received and employed among women during their pregnancy.

Examining Generalizability across Different Surveys: Comparing Nutrient-Based Food Patterns and Their Cross-Sectional Associations with Cardiometabolic Health in the United States Hispanic/Latino Adults.

Background: Ethnicity, cultural background, and geographic location differ significantly within the United States Hispanic/Latino population. These variations can greatly define diet and its relationship with cardiometabolic disease, thus influencing generalizability of results.

Objectives: We aimed to examine nutrient-based food patterns (NBFPs) of Hispanic/Latino adults and their association with cardiometabolic risk factors (dyslipidemia, hypertension, obesity, diabetes) across 2 United States population-based studies with differing sampling strategies.

Energy Intake and Dietary Glycemic Load in Late Morning and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes: The Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos-A Multicenter Prospective Cohort Study.

Objective: To evaluate the association between meal timing and type 2 diabetes risk in U.S. Hispanic/Latino adults.

Dietary Acculturation Is Associated With Altered Gut Microbiome, Circulating Metabolites, and Cardiovascular Disease Risk in US Hispanics and Latinos: Results From HCHS/SOL.

Background: Dietary acculturation, or adoption of dominant culture diet by migrant groups, influences human health. We aimed to examine dietary acculturation and its relationships with cardiovascular disease (CVD), gut microbiota, and blood metabolites among US Hispanic and Latino adults.

Methods: In the HCHS/SOL (Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos), US exposure was defined by years in the United States (50 states and Washington, DC) and US nativity.

Prevalence of different variations of non-consented care during the childbirth process in Mexico by geographical regions: comparing ENDIREH survey data from 2016 to 2021.

Introduction: Non-consented care, a form of obstetric violence involving the lack of informed consent for procedures, is a common but little-understood phenomenon in the global public health arena. The aim of this secondary analysis was to measure the prevalence and assess change over time of non-consented care during childbirth in Mexico in 2016 and 2021, as well as to examine the association of sociodemographic, pregnancy-, and childbirth-factors with this type of violence.

Methods: We measured the prevalence of non-consented care and three of its variations, forced sterilization or contraception, forced cesarean section, and forced consent on paperwork, during childbirth in Mexico for 2016 (N = 24,036) and 2021 (N = 19,322) using data from Mexico's cross-sectional National Survey on the Dynamics of Household Relationships (ENDIREH).

Associations between avocado intake and measures of glucose and insulin homeostasis in Hispanic individuals with and without type 2 diabetes: Results from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL).

Background And Aims: To investigate associations between avocado intake and glycemia in adults with Hispanic/Latino ancestry.

Methods And Results: The associations of avocado intake with measures of insulin and glucose homeostasis were evaluated in a cross-sectional analysis of up to 14,591 Hispanic/Latino adults, using measures of: average glucose levels (hemoglobin A1c; HbA1c), fasting glucose and insulin, glucose and insulin levels after an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), and calculated measures of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR, and HOMA-%β), and insulinogenic index. Associations were assessed using multivariable linear regression models, which controlled for sociodemographic factors and health behaviors, and which were stratified by dysglycemia status.

How do Latina/o Parents Interpret and Respond to the US Household Food Security Survey Module? A Qualitative Cognitive Interviewing Study.

Background: The US Latino/a population disproportionately lives in poverty and experiences household food insecurity, especially households with children. The Household Food Security Survey Module (FSSM) was originally developed among rural White women. Despite wide use in English and Spanish, how well the FSSM captures the food insecurity experiences of Latino/a households is not well known.

Across-Agency Partnerships and Within-Agency Capacities Facilitate Holistic, Tailored Approaches to Addressing Food Insecurity: A Qualitative Study.

Background: Capacity-oriented approaches have the potential to reduce food insecurity (FI) and promote nutrition and health equity in low-resource settings.

Objective: The objective of this study was to identify multilevel capacities in San Diego County, CA that key informants from diverse food- and nutrition-related stakeholder agencies perceived to be helping to address FI.

Design: Trained qualitative interviewers conducted face-to-face, semi-structured interviews (30-60 minutes) with key informants.

Examining Generalizability of Nutrient-Based Food Patterns and Their Cross-Sectional Associations with Cardiometabolic Health for Hispanic/Latino Adults in the US: Results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) and the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL).

Background: Ethnicity, cultural background, and geographic location differ significantly amongst the US Hispanic/Latino population. These characteristic differences can greatly define measured diet and its relationship with cardiometabolic disease, thus influencing generalizability of results.

Objective: We aimed to examine dietary patterns of Hispanic/Latino adults and their association with cardiometabolic risk factors (high cholesterol, hypertension, obesity, diabetes) across two representative studies with differing sampling strategies.

Healthy dietary patterns are associated with the gut microbiome in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos.

Background: Dietary patterns high in healthy minimally processed plant foods play an important role in modulating the gut microbiome and promoting cardiometabolic health. Little is known on the diet-gut microbiome relationship in US Hispanics/Latinos, who have a high burden of obesity and diabetes.

Objective: In a cross-sectional analysis, we sought to examine the relationships of 3 healthy dietary patterns-the alternate Mediterranean diet (aMED), the Healthy Eating Index (HEI)-2015, and the healthful plant-based diet index (hPDI)-with the gut microbiome in US Hispanic/Latino adults, and to study the association of diet-related species with cardiometabolic traits.

The Association between Food Security Status and Psychological Distress and Loneliness among Full-Time Undergraduate Students at a Minority-Serving Institution.

Little is known about the relationship of food security (FS) status with mental health among students at minority-serving institutions. We aimed to elucidate the association of FS status with psychological distress and loneliness among full-time undergraduate students at a minority-serving institution. We used data from the National Collegiate Health Assessment III (n = 441).

Body Fat Moderates the Association of Olfactory Dysfunction with Dietary Intake in U.S. Middle-Aged and Older Adults: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of NHANES 2013-2014.

Background: Obesity relates to impaired olfactory function. Abnormal olfactory function is also associated with poor diet; however, whether obesity-related markers shape this relationship is unknown. Methods: Cross-sectional analysis (n = 1415, age > 40 years) of NHANES 2013−2014 examined body fat percent (BF%) and waist circumference (WC) as moderators of the relationship between olfactory function and diet.

Consumption of Foods Away from Home Is Associated with Lower Diet Quality Among Adults Living in Puerto Rico.

Background: Consuming foods away from home (FAFH) is ubiquitous, yet, it is unclear how it influences diet in diverse populations.

Objective: The study aimed to evaluate the association between frequency and type of consumption of FAFH and diet quality.

Design: The study had a cross-sectional design.

Childhood food insufficiency and adulthood cardiometabolic health conditions among a population-based sample of older adults in Puerto Rico.

Childhood food insufficiency negatively influences physical and psychosocial health in children, but less is known about long-term health implications. This study aimed to elucidate the association of childhood food insufficiency with older adulthood cardiometabolic conditions. We conducted cross-sectional analyses using data from the Puerto Rican Elderly: Health Conditions Project (n = 2712), a population-based sample of elderly adults (>60 y) living in Puerto Rico.

Food Insecurity and Cardiometabolic Markers: Results From the Study of Latino Youth.

Objectives: Hispanic/Latino youth bear a disproportionate burden of food insecurity and poor metabolic outcomes, but research linking the two in this diverse population is lacking. We evaluated whether lower household and child food security (FS) were adversely associated with a metabolic syndrome (MetS) composite variable and clinically measured cardiometabolic markers: waist circumference, fasting plasma glucose, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure.

Methods: This cross-sectional study included 1325 Hispanic/Latino youth aged 8 to 16 years from the Hispanic Community Children's Health Study/Study of Latino Youth, a study of offspring of adults enrolled in the Hispanic Community Health Survey/Study of Latinos.

Longitudinal Analysis of Food Insufficiency and Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in the CARDIA study.

Introduction: Most previous studies on food insecurity and cardiovascular disease risk factors are cross-sectional. Without longitudinal data, it is unclear whether food insecurity precedes poor health and how exposure timing impacts these relationships.

Methods: Data from 2000 to 2001, 2005 to 2006, and 2010 to 2011 of the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults study were used.

Examination of the Allostatic Load Construct and Its Longitudinal Association With Health Outcomes in the Boston Puerto Rican Health Study.

Objective: Despite evidence on allostatic load (AL) as a model explaining associations between stress and disease, there is no consensus on its operationalization. This study aimed to contrast various AL constructs and their longitudinal associations with disease and disability.

Methods: Baseline and 5-year follow-up data from 738 adults participating in the Boston Puerto Rican Health Study were used.

Subjective Social Status and Cardiometabolic Risk Markers by Intersectionality of Race/Ethnicity and Sex Among U.S. Young Adults.

Background: Subjective social status (SSS) has shown inverse relationships with cardiometabolic risk, but intersectionalities of race/ethnicity and sex may indicate more nuanced relationships.

Purpose: To investigate associations of SSS with cardiometabolic risk markers by race/ethnicity and sex.

Methods: Data were from Wave IV (2008) of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (n = 4,847; 24-32 years), which collected biological cardiometabolic risk markers.

Depressive symptoms and allostatic load have a bidirectional association among Puerto Rican older adults.

Background: Depression is strongly associated with chronic disease; yet, the direction of this relationship is poorly understood. Allostatic load (AL) provides a framework for elucidating depression-disease pathways. We aimed to investigate bidirectional, longitudinal associations of baseline depressive symptoms or AL with 5-year AL or depressive symptoms, respectively.

Targeting family functioning, acculturative stress, and sugar-sweetened beverage consumption for obesity prevention: findings from the Hispanic community children's health study/study of Latino youth.

Background: Maintaining a bond with one's family as well coping with stress while acculturating to the US may protect Hispanic/Latino youth from increased sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) consumption, which heightens the risk for overweight and obesity. This study aims to examine associations between acculturative stress, family functioning, and SSB consumption by acculturation status among U.S.

Food insecurity and dietary intake by Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program participation status among mainland US Puerto Rican adults after the 2009 American Recovery and Reinvestment Act.

Objective: The 2009 American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA) increased monthly Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) benefits and expanded SNAP eligibility, yet limited evidence exists on the potential impact of ARRA on dietary intake among at-risk individuals. We aimed to examine pre-/post-ARRA differences in food insecurity (FI) and dietary intake by SNAP participation status.

Design: Pre/post analysis.

Food Security and 10-Year Cardiovascular Disease Risk Among U.S. Adults.

Introduction: Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of mortality in the U.S. Although the risk of cardiovascular disease can be mitigated substantially by following a healthy lifestyle, adhering to a healthy diet and other healthy behaviors are limited by reduced food security.

The association between baseline acculturation level and 5-year change in adiposity among Puerto Ricans living on the mainland United States.

While it is recognized that acculturation influences adiposity risk, the direction and magnitude of this relationship remain unclear. Previous studies' use of proxy acculturation measures and exclusively cross-sectional study designs have limited understanding of this research question. The aim of this study was to examine associations between acculturation and adiposity among Puerto Ricans (45-75 years) living on the mainland United States.