Comparative Analysis of the GH/IGF-1 Axis during the First Sixth Months in Children with Low Birth Weight.

Objective: To analyze the relation between alterations in the growth hormone (GH)/insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) axis during the first 6 months of life and weight in children born in the lower-middle São Francisco region.

Methods: This is an analytical cohort and exploratory. Thirty children, were formed two groups, one of low birth weight children (LBW, = 15) and another of normal weight (NBW = 15) were initially identified in a hospital and reapproached at 3 and 6 months of age.

Body Composition, Sarcopenia and Physical Performance After Bariatric Surgery: Differences Between Sleeve Gastrectomy and Roux-En-Y Gastric Bypass.

Purpose: Evaluate the differences between surgical techniques in the modifications of body composition and the interference in skeletal muscle health, risk of sarcopenia, and reduced physical performance.

Materials And Methods: This is a cross-sectional prospective study. A total of 71 patients, who underwent sleeve gastrectomy (SG) or underwent Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB).

Blockade of Opiodergic System During Early Weaning Reverts Feeding Behavior Altered Patterns.

Adverse experiences that occur during the early stages of life can have permanent repercussions in adulthood. Among these experiences, early weaning is one that can alter the molecular, cellular, and behavior patterns in later life. Centered on this fact, the objective of the current study was to evaluate the effect of early weaning at 15 days of life of Wistar rats on their feeding behavior and if the opioidergic system blockade would cause a reversal of these outcomes.

Beetroot () Extract Acutely Improves Heart Rate Variability Recovery Following Strength Exercise: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Crossover Trial-Pilot Study.

Objective: We assessed the acute effect of beetroot extract intake on cardiovascular and autonomic recovery subsequent to strength exercise.

Methods: This is a crossover, randomized, double-blind and placebo-controlled trial. We assessed 16 subjects but only 12 healthy male adults completed the two protocols in two randomized days: Beetroot extract (600 mg in capsule) and placebo (600 mg starch in capsule).

Is Caffeine Recommended Before Exercise? A Systematic Review To Investigate Its Impact On Cardiac Autonomic Control Via Heart Rate And Its Variability.

Evaluating different doses of caffeine (CAF) on heart rate (HR) variability (HRV) during and following exercise in order to assess its impact on autonomic control. We intended to evaluate the influence of CAF as a supplement before exercise on HRV through a systematic review. Manuscripts were selected based on electronic searches of MEDLINE, EMBASE and CINAHL databases from 2010 to 2019 and followed the protocol Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyzes (PRISMA).

Flavonoids as Therapeutic Agents in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Diseases: A Systematic Review of Preclinical Evidences.

Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases are considered the most common neurodegenerative disorders, representing a major focus of neuroscience research to understanding the cellular alterations and pathophysiological mechanisms involved. Several natural products, including flavonoids, are considered able to cross the blood-brain barrier and are known for their central nervous system-related activity. Therefore, studies are being conducted with these chemical constituents to analyze their activities in slowing down the progression of neurodegenerative diseases.

Undernutrition during pregnancy and lactation increases the number of fos-cells in the reward system in response to a 5-HT6 receptor agonist in male adolescent rats.

Undernutrition promotes morphofunctional adaptations in neuroanatomical circuits, leading to behavioural changes. Adolescence is a period of vulnerability for these adaptations, such as the control of food intake and the serotonergic system. The serotonergic system is capable of promoting satiety.

Low protein diet during gestation and lactation increases food reward seeking but does not modify sucrose taste reactivity in adult female rats.

Introduction: Nutritional deficiencies during neural development may lead to irreversible changes, even after nutritional rehabilitation, promoting morphological and functional adaptations of structures involved with various behaviours including feeding behaviour. However, the ability of the exposure low protein diet during gestation and lactation to affect the hedonic component of food intake is still poorly understood, especially in females.

Methods: Wistar rats were divided into two groups according to the diet offered to the dams during pregnancy and lactation: control female (CF; diet with 17% protein, n=7) and low protein female (LPF; diet with 8% protein, n=7).

Perinatal malnutrition stimulates motivation through reward and enhances drd(1a) receptor expression in the ventral striatum of adult mice.

Aim: The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of protein perinatal malnutrition on the function of dopamine DRD1 and DRD2 receptors in regards to motivation and food consumption in adult mice. The study also analyzed the effect of protein perinatal malnutrition on the gene expression of these receptors in the ventral striatum.

Methods: Wistar lineage mice were divided into two groups according to maternal diet: control (17% casein), n=30 and low protein (8% casein), n=30.

Perinatal undernutrition increases meal size and neuronal activation of the nucleus of the solitary tract in response to feeding stimulation in adult rats.

During the early periods of development, i.e., gestation and lactation, the influences of stimulus such as undernutrition can lead to several behavioural and morphofunctional damages to organs and systems in general, including pathways and structures that control energy balance and feeding behaviour.

Perinatal undernutrition stimulates seeking food reward.

Experiments in animals have revealed that perinatal nutritional restriction, which manifests in adulthood, increases food intake and preference for palatable foods. Considering this, we aimed to evaluate the effects of perinatal malnutrition on hedonic control of feeding behavior. In this study, we divided Wistar rats into two groups according to the diet provided to their mothers during pregnancy and lactation: the control group (diet with 17% casein) and low-protein group (diet with 8% casein).

Early weaning programs rats to have a dietary preference for fat and palatable foods in adulthood.

The objective of this work was to study the effect of early weaning on alimentary preference for the macronutrients protein, carbohydrate and fat in adult rats. Male Wistar rat pups were weaned by separation from the mother at 15 (D15) or 30 (D30) days old. Body weight and food intake were measured every 30 days until pups were 150 days old.