Development, characterization, and evaluation of ketorolac tromethamine-loaded biodegradable microspheres as a depot system for parenteral delivery.

Ketorolac tromethamine, a potent nonnarcotic analgesic agent and 800 times more potent than aspirin, is indicated for the short-term management of moderate to such severe painful states as post operative pain, acute musculoskeletal pain, and dental pain. It Given every 6 hr intramuscularly in patients for acute pain, to avoid frequent dosing and patient inconvenience Ketorolac from ethamine was found suitable for parenteral depot system by biodegradable microspheres for the present study. Ketorolac tromethamine-loaded microspheres were prepared by o/w emulsion solvent evaporation technique using different polymers viz.

Comparative study of different silymarin formulations: formulation, characterisation and in vitro/in vivo evaluation.

The aim of the present study was to study the synergistic hepatoprotective effect of silymarin with phospholipids when it is encaged in microspheres so as to passively target it to liver and to compare these silymarin formulations with silymarin solution. Various silymarin loaded lipid emulsions were formulated which include formulation A prepared with soyabean oil as an internal oily phase, soya lecithin as surfactant and tween 80 as cosurfactant; formulation B which was same as formulation A but was filtered through 0.45 micro membrane filter and finally steam sterilized for intravenous administration; formulation C containing soyabean oil as an internal oily phase, soya lecithin as surfactant, tween 80 and propylene glycol as cosurfactant/ cosolvent.

Formulation, characterization, and evaluation of ketorolac tromethamine-loaded biodegradable microspheres.

Ketorolac tromethamine has to be given every 6 hr intramuscularly in patients for acute pain, so to avoid frequent dosing and patient inconvenience we found it to be a suitable candidate for parenteral controlled delivery by biodegradable microspheres for the present study. Ketorolac tromethamine-loaded microspheres were prepared by o/w emulsion solvent evaporation technique using different polymers: polycaprolactone, poly lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA 65/35), and poly lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA 85/15). To tailor the release profile of drug for several days, blends of PLGA 65/35 and PLGA 85/15 were prepared with polycaprolactone (PCL) in different ratios.

Formulation, characterization, and in vitro evaluation of silymarin-loaded lipid microspheres.

The objective of our study was to incorporate and evaluate Silymarin, a chemically defined natural hepatoprotective agent, in lipid microstructured systems. Various constituents of lipid microspheres--namely, internal oily core; surfactant such as soyabean lecithin; and cosurfactants such as span 20, tween 20, tween 80, and propylene glycol--were tried in different concentrations to optimize the final formulation characteristics such as globule size range, structural integrity, sustainability, and percent drug-holding capacity. The final formulation (formulation A) was characterized with respect to size and morphology using transmission electron microscopy and laser diffraction technique.

Biodegradable microspheres for protein delivery.

In a very short time, since their emergence, the field of controlled delivery of proteins has grown immensely. Because of their relatively large size, they have low transdermal bioavailabilities. Oral bioavailability is generally poor since they are poorly absorbed and easily degraded by proteolytic enzymes in the gastrointestinal tract.