The role of RIPK1 in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Necroptosis has emerged as one of the crucial pathological processes involved in the regulation of cell death and inflammation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Airway epithelial necroptosis is closely linked to COPD pathogenesis. Necroptotic lung cells can release damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) that can initiate a robust inflammatory response.

Molecular and functional characteristics of receptor-interacting protein kinase 1 (RIPK1) and its therapeutic potential in Alzheimer's disease.

Inflammation and cell death processes positively control the organ homeostasis of an organism. Receptor-interacting protein kinase 1 (RIPK1), a member of the RIPK family, is a crucial regulator of cell death and inflammation, and control homeostasis at the cellular and tissue level. Necroptosis, a programmed form of necrosis-mediated cell death and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-induced necrotic cell death, is mostly regulated by RIPK1 kinase activity.

Pregnancy, infection, and epigenetic regulation: A complex scenario.

A unique immunological condition, pregnancy ensures fetus from maternal rejection, allows adequate fetal development, and protects against microorganisms. Infections during pregnancy may lead to devastating consequences for pregnant women and fetuses, resulting in the mother's death, miscarriage, premature childbirth, or neonate with congenital infection and severe diseases and defects. Epigenetic (heritable changes in gene expression) mechanisms like DNA methylation, chromatin modification, and gene expression modulation during gestation are linked with the number of defects in the fetus and adolescents.

Roflumilast Protects against Neuroinflammatory Alterations in Brain Tissues of Lipopolysaccharide-induced Mice Model.

Background: Microglial overactivation promotes the production of various second messengers and inflammatory markers in brain tissue, resulting in neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration, which may lead to cognitive decline. The cyclic nucleotides are one of the important second messengers involved in the regulation of neurogenesis, synaptic plasticity, and cognition. The levels of these cyclic nucleotides are maintained by phosphodiesterase enzyme isoforms, particularly PDE4B, in the brain.

Correction to: Identification of emerging contaminants and their transformation products in a moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR)-based drinking water treatment plant around River Yamuna in India.

The original version of this article unfortunately contains mistakes introduced during the production phase. Figures 7, 8, and 10 were incorrectly captured.

Identification of emerging contaminants and their transformation products in a moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR)-based drinking water treatment plant around River Yamuna in India.

The prevalence of emerging contaminants of concern in water regimes is very common these days. High anthropogenic intervention is leading to occurrence of various types of microcontaminants of concern in drinking water systems. Their removal using conventional form of treatment systems employed in water treatment plants is not widely researched upon.