The Prospects of Curcumin in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Therapeutics.

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide, being responsible for approximately 2 million deaths in 2022 [...

A germline FLT3 variant in aplastic anemia.

FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) genetic variants are commonly seen in high-grade myeloid neoplasms and are typically gain-of-function mutations associated with a proliferative disease phenotype. Inactivating FLT3 variants have been less frequently described in non-malignant, autoimmune disorders and are uncommon in aplastic anemia (AA). Herein, we report the first to our knowledge, and unusual case of a germline, gain-of-function, FLT3 variant in a patient with severe AA treated successfully with immunosuppressive therapy.

Targeting Epigenetic Alterations Linked to Cancer-Associated Fibroblast Phenotypes in Lung Cancer.

The focus in cancer research and treatment has recently shifted from being primarily tumor-centric to emphasizing the tumor microenvironment (TME) [...

Vistas in Signaling Pathways Implicated in HSV-1 Reactivation.

Ancient Greek physicians, including Hippocrates, documented skin conditions resembling herpes as early as 500 before common era (BCE), but it was not until the 1920s that Lowenstein successfully isolated the herpes virus from human lesions, significantly advancing our understanding of the infection [...

The Clinical Significance of Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts Classification in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.

Malignant cells flourish within a specialized environment known as the tumor microenvironment (TME) [...

Leveraging the ROS-TME Axis for Cancer Treatment.

The discovery of reactive oxygen species (ROS) dates back to the early 20th century [...

Seeing the Future of Lung Cancer Vaccination.

It has been nearly fifteen years since the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved the first therapeutic cancer vaccine for solid tumors, namely Sipuleucel-T (Provenge), marking a significant milestone in the treatment of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer [...

State of the Art and New Perspectives in Lung Cancer Therapeutics.

Cisplatin became a first-line chemotherapy regimen for lung cancer in the mid-1980s, marking a pivotal advance in lung cancer treatment [...

The Promise of Artificial Intelligence in Reshaping Anticancer Drug Development.

While the concept of artificial intelligence (AI) has deep historical roots, its development as a formal scientific field was initiated in the 1950s by Newell and Simon, who invented a "thinking machine" called the Logic Theorist [...

YAP/TAZ Signaling in the Pathobiology of Pulmonary Fibrosis.

Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a severe, irreversible lung disease characterized by progressive scarring, with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) being the most prevalent form. IPF's pathogenesis involves repetitive lung epithelial injury leading to fibroblast activation and excessive extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition. The prognosis for IPF is poor, with limited therapeutic options like nintedanib and pirfenidone offering only modest benefits.

Anthocyanins in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) Treatment and Prevention.

An ever-growing volume of data supports the important role of dietary interventions in cancer prevention and the beneficial effects of plant secondary metabolites in solid tumor therapeutics [...

YAP/TAZ-TEAD signalling axis: A new therapeutic target in malignant pleural mesothelioma.

The Hippo signalling pathway, a highly conserved signalling cassette, regulates organ size by controlling cell growth, apoptosis and stem cell self-renewal. The tumourigenic potential of this pathway is largely attributed to the activity of YAP/TAZ, which activate the TEAD1-4 transcription factors, leading to the expression of genes involved in cell proliferation and suppression of cell death. Aberrant regulation of the YAP/TAZ-TEAD signalling axis is commonly observed in malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM), an insidious neoplasm of the pleural tissue that lines the chest cavity and covers the lungs with poor prognosis.

Triple-Negative Breast Cancer and Emerging Therapeutic Strategies: ATR and CHK1/2 as Promising Targets.

Worldwide, breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed malignancy in women, with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) being the most aggressive molecular subtype. Due to the dearth of effective therapeutic options for TNBC, novel agents targeting key mechanisms and pathways in cancer cells are continuously explored; these include ATR inhibitors, which target the ATR kinase involved in the DNA damage response (DDR) pathway, and CHK1/2 inhibitors, which target the Checkpoint Kinase 1/2 (CHK1/2) involved in cell cycle arrest and DNA repair. ATR and CHK1/2 inhibitors show potential as prospective treatments for TNBC by focusing on the DDR and interfering with cell cycle regulation in cancer cells.

P53 and Rb Aberrations in Small Cell Lung Cancer (SCLC): From Molecular Mechanisms to Therapeutic Modulation.

The genes coding for the tumor suppressors p53 and retinoblastoma (Rb) are inactivated in the vast majority of small cell lung cancer (SCLC) tumors. Data support the notion that these two deleterious genetic events represent the initial steps in the development of SCLC, making them essential for a lung epithelial cell to progress toward the acquisition of a malignant phenotype. With the loss of and , their broad tumor suppressive functions are eliminated and a normal cell is able to proliferate indefinitely, escape entering into cellular senescence, and evade death, no matter the damage it has experienced.

The Gap of Health Inequalities Amongst Lung Cancer Patients of Different Socioeconomic Status: A Brief Reference to the Greek Reality.

Lung cancer treatment and patient care are constantly improving, but it remains doubtful whether this applies equally to all socioeconomic groups. It is nowadays well established that there are socioeconomic inequalities regarding lung cancer incidence, screening, effective treatment, overall survival, and prognosis. One of the key contributing factors to low socioeconomic status is low education.

Targeting KRAS in Colorectal Cancer: A Bench to Bedside Review.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a heterogeneous disease with a myriad of alterations at the cellular and molecular levels. Kristen rat sarcoma (KRAS) mutations occur in up to 40% of CRCs and serve as both a prognostic and predictive biomarker. Oncogenic mutations in the KRAS protein affect cellular proliferation and survival, leading to tumorigenesis through RAS/MAPK pathways.

Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy in Cancer Patients Treated with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: A Systematic Review and Meta-Summary of Included Cases.

Background: There are emerging reports of Takotsubo syndrome (TTS) in cancer patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs); however, the association of the two remains uncertain.

Methods: A systematic literature review was performed in the PubMed database and web sources (Google Scholar) according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Case reports/series or studies including cancer patients treated with ICIs and presenting with TTS were considered.