Colorectal cancer.

Despite decreased incidence rates in average-age onset patients in high-income economies, colorectal cancer is the third most diagnosed cancer in the world, with increasing rates in emerging economies. Furthermore, early onset colorectal cancer (age ≤50 years) is of increasing concern globally. Over the past decade, research advances have increased biological knowledge, treatment options, and overall survival rates.

Improved transformation of assisted by silver nanoparticles.

In transgenic plant development, the low transformation efficiency of with exogenous DNA is the major constraint, and hence, methods to improve its transformation efficiency are needed. Recently, nanoparticlemediated gene transfer has evolved as a key transformational tool in genetic transformation. Since silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) can induce pores on the cell membrane, their efficacy in the improvement of conventional calcium chloride freeze-thaw technique of transformation of was explored in this study.

Anal Cancer: Emerging Standards in a Rare Disease.

The social stigma surrounding an anal cancer diagnosis has traditionally prevented open discussions about this disease. However, as recent treatment options and an increasing rate of diagnoses are made worldwide, awareness is growing. In the United States alone, 9,090 individuals were expected to be diagnosed with anal cancer in 2021.

Greater than 5-year follow-up of outpatient L4-L5 lumbar interspinous fixation for degenerative spinal stenosis using the INSPAN device.

Background: Lumbar spinal stenosis is treated with decompression directly such as laminectomies and indirectly with an interspinous device through distraction and extension block. Interspinous devices (IPD) have also been used as an adjunct to spinal fusion. However, the design for IPD to treat spinal stenosis does not fixate the spine while the design for spinal fusion is designed to fixate the spine.

Platysma sparing approach to anterior cervical spine surgery: A less exposure surgery technique.

Introduction: Authors aim to demonstrate the surgical technique and outcomes of using a platysma sparing approach to anterior cervical spine surgery.

Methods: Medical records of 496 prospective patients, group 1 (259 patients) with an outpatient platysma muscle-sparing approach. Group 2 (237 patients) with inpatient standard muscle-splitting approach.

Placing ball and socket cervical total disc replacement using instant center of rotation.

Background: Authors aim to evaluate the correct placement of TDR using the instant center of rotation (ICR) as a guide.

Methods: Placement of disc would be divided into three groups using a standard of 1 mm from the ICR: Posterior to ICR, In line with ICR and Anterior to ICR.

Results: 49 patients, mean age was 39.

Utility of Mobile Apps for Video Conferencing to Follow Patients at Home After Outpatient Surgery.

Introduction: Outpatient surgery has a great opportunity to demonstrate the role of using mobile video conference (VC) postoperatively. Our patients use technology to help decision making in finding physicians. The authors aim to assess patient's perception on the use of mobile apps for VC with the surgeon and/or staff.

Sentinel sign in standalone anterior cervical fusion: Outcomes and fusion rate.

Background: The authors aim to demonstrate the feasibility, outcomes and fusion rate of a standalone PEEK cage in the outpatient setting.

Methods: 48 consecutive patients undergoing standalone ACDF (S-ACDF) (Group 1) were compared to control group of 49 patients who had ACDF with ACP (Group 2).

Results: Analysis of follow-up at the one year period postoperative outcomes between groups 1 and 2 demonstrated no intergroup statistical significant difference in VAS neck, arm and NDI scores p = 0.

Option for transverse midline incision and other factors that determine patient's decision to have cervical spine surgery.

Background: Authors aim to determine patients' preference for surgical incision and factors affecting the decision for surgery to the anterior neck.

Methods: A questionnaire was presented prior to evaluation and if preceded to surgery followup given.

Results: 243 patients completed questionnaire, with 60% female population and younger than 50 years.