Antifungal, antiaflatoxigenic, and cytotoxic properties of bioactive secondary metabolites derived from Bacillus species.

Aflatoxins (AFs) are hazardous carcinogens and mutagens produced by some molds, particularly Aspergillus spp. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to isolate and identify endophytic bacteria, extract and characterize their bioactive metabolites, and evaluate their antifungal, antiaflatoxigenic, and cytotoxic efficacy against brine shrimp (Artemia salina) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2). Among the 36 bacterial strains isolated, ten bacterial isolates showed high antifungal activity, and thus were identified using biochemical parameters and MALDI-TOF MS.

Promising role of L. leaves extract and its nano-formulation as double treatment against aflatoxin toxicity in ulcerated-rats: Application in milk beverage.

Aflatoxins are an unavoidable contaminant of foods. The current work aimed to study the ameliorating effect of L. extract and its nano-formulation versus aflatoxin ingestion in ulcerative rats.

Extraction and characterization of bioactive secondary metabolites from lactic acid bacteria and evaluating their antifungal and antiaflatoxigenic activity.

Aflatoxins are toxic carcinogens and mutagens formed by some moulds, specifically spp. Therefore, this study aimed to extract and identify bioactive secondary metabolites from species, to evaluate their efficacy in reducing fungal growth and aflatoxin production and to investigate their toxicity. The bioactive secondary metabolites of species showed variable degrees of antifungal activity, whereas ethyl acetate extract No.

Preparation and characterization of activated carbon from agricultural wastes and their ability to remove chlorpyrifos from water.

Chlorpyrifos is an organophosphate insecticide linked to neurological dysfunctions, endocrine disturbance, cardiovascular illness, genotoxicity, histopathological abnormalities, immunotoxicity, and oxidative stress. Therefore, the aim of this study was to prepare activated carbon from agricultural waste to adsorb and remove chlorpyrifos from aqueous solutions, as well as to study the physicochemical characteristics of the prepared activated carbon.Activated carbon was prepared from agricultural waste (banana peels, orange peels, pomegranate peels and date stones).

Total phenolics, flavonoids, and antioxidant activity of agricultural wastes, and their ability to remove some pesticide residues.

Organophosphorus pesticides (OPPs) cause great risk to human health as they are used globally. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to determine the total phenolics, flavonoids, and antioxidant activity of agricultural waste, as well as to control the pesticide residues (diazinon, and parathion) at a laboratory scale level using dried-milled fruit wastes. The pesticide residues parathion and diazinon were used at concentrations of 0.

Assessment of the protective effect of yeast cell wall β-glucan encapsulating humic acid nanoparticles as an aflatoxin B adsorbent in vivo.

This study aimed to assess the protective effect of encapsulating humic acid-iron complexed nanoparticles (HA-Fe NPs) inside glucanmannan lipid particles (GMLPs) extracted from yeast cell wall against aflatoxin B (AFB ) toxicity in vivo. Four groups of male Sprague-Dawley rats were treated orally for 2 weeks included the control group, AFB treated group (80 µg/kg b.w); GMLP/HA-Fe NPs treated group (0.

Incidence and exposure assessment of aflatoxins and ochratoxin A in Egyptian wheat.

Aflatoxins and ochratoxin A occur frequently in grains and are associated with carcinogenic, and nephrotoxic properties. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the level of aflatoxins and ochratoxin A contamination in wheat samples obtained from different Egyptian governorates and to assess the effect of gamma irradiation on AFB in spiked wheat samples, as well as to evaluate the estimated daily intake and hazard index. Thirty-six wheat grain samples purchased from different sale points were analyzed by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography.

Secondary metabolites from Bacillus sp. MERNA97 extract attenuates the oxidative stress, genotoxicity and cytotoxicity of aflatoxin B in rats.

This study aimed to determine the bioactive compounds of Bacillus sp. MERNA97 extract and to evaluate their efficacy against the oxidative damage, genotoxicity, chromosomal aberration and DNA fragmentation in rats treated with AFB. Sixty male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 6 groups and treated for 6 weeks and included the control group, AFB-treated group (80 μg/kg b.

Bioactive compounds from Aspergillus niger extract enhance the antioxidant activity and prevent the genotoxicity in aflatoxin B-treated rats.

This study aimed to identify the bioactive compounds of the ethyl acetate extract of Aspergillus niger SH2-EGY using GC-MS and to evaluate their protective role against aflatoxin B (AFB)-induced oxidative stress, genotoxicity and cytotoxicity in rats. Six groups of male Sprague-Dawley rats were treated orally for 4 weeks included the control group, AFB-treated group (80 μg/kg b.w); fungal extract (FE)-treated groups at low (140) or high dose (280) mg/kg b.

Exposure assessment of heavy metal residues in some Egyptian fruits.

Heavy metals are considered a main public health hazards, they are known to accumulate in fruits, which are heavily consumed by humans because of their unique sweet taste and potential health benefits. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the possible contamination levels of cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), lead (Pb) and nickel (Ni) in some selected fruits obtained from four Egyptian governorates and to compare the contamination levels with those of the recommended permissible limits. Results revealed that Pb and Cd were absent in all fruit samples, while Cr was only detected in grapes obtained from Cairo and Fayoum governorates and exceeded the maximum permissible limit (0.

Isolation and molecular characterization of mycotoxigenic fungi in agarwood.

Agarwood (Oudh), is often used by people in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The Oudh has been mentioned in the Hadith and is traditionally used for its aroma (perfuming smell) and potential medicinal applications. The aim of the study was to isolate mycotoxigenic fungi that grow on agarwood and the factors and storage conditions that enhance their growth potential.

Tracing the protective activity of Lactobacillus plantarum using technetium--labeled zearalenone for organ toxicity.

Purpose: Zearalenone is a potent estrogenic metabolite produced by some Fusarium and Gibberella species. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the accumulation of Technetium-[]-labeled zearalenone in mice organs as well as to study the protective effect of Lactobacillus plantarum.

Materials And Methods: Two different groups of mice were used; the first group of mice received Technetium-[]-zearalenone only, and the second group received both Technetium-[] zearalenone and L.

Evaluation of the bioactive extract of actinomyces isolated from the Egyptian environment against aflatoxin B-induce cytotoxicity, genotoxicity and oxidative stress in the liver of rats.

This study aimed to determine the bioactive compounds of actinomyces (ACT) isolated from the Egyptian environment (D-EGY) and to evaluate their protective activity against AFB in female Sprague-Dawley rats. Six groups of animals were treated orally for 3 weeks included: C, the control group, T1, AFB-treated group (80 μg/kg b.w), T2 and T3, the groups received ACT extract at low (25 mg/kg b.

Ability of Lactobacillus casei and Lactobacillus reuteri to protect against oxidative stress in rats fed aflatoxins-contaminated diet.

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) have been reported to remove mycotoxins from aqueous solutions through a binding process, which appears to be species and strain specific. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the protective role of Lactobacillus casei (L1) and Lactobacillus reuteri (L2) against aflatoxin (AFs)-induced oxidative stress in rats. Sixty female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 6 groups including the control group and the groups treated with L1 or L2 (1 x 10¹¹/ml) alone at a dose of 10 ml/kg b.

Antioxidant properties of Thymus vulgaris oil against aflatoxin-induce oxidative stress in male rats.

The leafy parts of thyme and its essential oil have been used in foods for the flavor, aroma and preservation and also in folk medicines. The aim of the current study was to determine the components of Thymus vulgaris L essential oil and to evaluate the protective effects of this oil against aflatoxin-induce oxidative stress in rats. Thirty six mature male Sprague-Dawley were divided into six treatment groups and treated for 2 weeks as follows: control group; the groups treated orally with low and high doses of T.

Fate of aflatoxin B(1) in contaminated corn gluten during acid hydrolysis.

Background: Aflatoxins are a group of mycotoxins that cause serious chronic disease outbreaks and contaminate several food products such as corn and its by-product, corn gluten. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the effect of hydrochloric acid (HCl) on aflatoxin B(1) (AFB(1) ) degradation in contaminated corn gluten under different HCl concentrations, hydrolysis temperatures and hydrolysis times.

Results: During the wet milling process the highest AFB(1) level (45.