Epidemiology and clinical outcomes of childhood central nervous system cancers in a large low-middle income country pediatric oncology center: a report on 5051 kids.

Background: Central nervous system (CNS) tumors are the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in children. While most cases come from low-middle income countries (LMIC) where their prognosis is worse, few epidemiological studies are conducted in these regions.

Methods: We conducted a registry-based cohort study for childhood CNS tumors at Children's Cancer Hospital, Egypt (CCHE) over 15 years.

High-grade glioma in infants and very young children: characteristics, treatment, and outcomes.

Purpose: High-grade gliomas in infants and very young children (less than 3 to 5 years old) pose significant challenges due to the limited scientific literature available and high risks associated with treatments. This study aims to investigate their characteristics, treatment, and outcomes.

Methods: A cohort study was conducted at Children's Cancer Hospital, Egypt.

Plasma miRNA expression profile in pediatric pineal pure germinomas.

Background: Pure germinomas account for 40% of pineal tumors and are characterized by the lack of appreciable tumor markers, thus requiring a tumor biopsy for diagnosis. MicroRNAs (miRNA) have emerged as potential non-invasive biomarkers for germ cell tumors and may facilitate the non-invasive diagnosis of pure pineal germinomas.

Material And Methods: A retrospective chart review was performed on all patients treated at the Children's Cancer Hospital Egypt diagnosed with a pineal region tumor between June 2013 and March 2021 for whom a research blood sample was available.

Bilateral adrenal neuroblastoma: peculiar pattern of a rare pediatric presentation.

Background: Bilateral suprarenal neuroblastoma (BSN) is a rare presentation. Few previously published literature showed BSN patients to have favorable pattern and prognosis. This study aim was to evaluate clinical and biological features in relation to outcome of Egyptian patients with BSN.

Atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor in a lower middle‑income country: Challenges to cure.

Atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor (ATRT) is a rare type of potentially fatal childhood brain tumor. The present study aimed to examine the overall survival (OS) and event-free survival (EFS) outcomes of pediatric patients with ATRT and to analyze the impact of different prognostic factors, including age, sex, tumor site and size, metastatic disease, the extent of resection, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, on survival. The present study included 47 patients with ATRT treated at the Children's Cancer Hospital of Egypt (Cairo, Egypt) between July 2007 and December 2017.

Nephrectomy for Pediatric Renal Tumors: A Modified Surgical Approach to Minimize Post-operative Intestinal Obstruction.

Background: The authors present a modified surgical technique during tumor nephrectomy in children with a conservative approach towards small bowel manipulation and cutting of the peritoneal reflections. We aimed to evaluate this modified surgical approach regarding the incidence of post-operative small bowel obstruction (SBO), and its technical utility.

Methods: The study includes all children with unilateral renal tumors who underwent radical nephrectomy and lymph nodes sampling at our tertiary center from 2010 to 2022.

Prognostic factors affecting infantile medulloblastoma outcomes in the molecular era: a 12-year single-center experience from Egypt.

To assess the clinical, pathological and molecular characteristics (Sonic hedgehog and group 3/4 molecular subtypes expression) and treatment modalities for infantile medulloblastoma in correlation with outcomes. A retrospective study of 86 medulloblastoma patients (≤3 years) was conducted. M0 patients <2.

Efficacy of different salvage regimens in progressive unresectable pediatric low-grade glioma.

Multiple salvage chemotherapy regimens are used in progressive low-grade glioma (LGG), with no single regimen being more effective than any other. In the present study, different salvage therapies were compared with regard to the response rate, overall survival (OS) rate, event-free survival (EFS) rate and visual outcome in 70 patients with pediatric LGG. Age was found to significantly affect the EFS and OS rates (P<0.

Neuroblastoma-associated Opsoclonous Myoclonous Ataxia Syndrome: Profile and Outcome Report on 15 Egyptian Patients.

Opsoclonous myoclonous ataxia syndrome (OMAS) is a rare primarily immune-mediated disease in children. The current study aim was to find out the patterns and outcome of OMAS associated with neuroblastoma (NBL) among Children's Cancer Hospital-Egypt patients. Data was reviewed for 15 eligible patients enrolled between 2007 and 2016.

Palliative and end-of-life symptoms management for children with diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma.

This study aimed to investigate diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma-specific symptoms in the last 12 weeks before death and to describe current palliative care. A retrospective study included 80 pediatric diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma patients diagnosed between January 2018 and December 2019. The most frequently encountered symptoms were headache, gait disturbance, vomiting, dysphagia, sensory loss, seizures and constipation.

Hypofractionated Radiation Therapy For Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma: A Noninferiority Randomized Study Including 253 Children.

Purpose: Pediatric diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma is an orphen disease. This study aimed to confirm the noninferiority of hypofractionated (HF) radiation therapy. Identification of the prognostic factors that determine the overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) was the secondary objective.

Optimizing diagnostic imaging data using LI-RADS and the Likert scale in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.

Purpose: The study aimed to compare the diagnostic performance of the Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System (LI-RADS), which incorporates fixed criteria, and the Likert scale (LS), which mainly depends on an overall impression in liver lesion diagnosis.

Material And Methods: Diagnostic data of 110 hepatic nodules in 103 high-risk patients for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) were included. Data including diameter, arterial hyperenhancement, washout, and capsule were reviewed by 2 readers using LI-RADS and LS (range, score 1-5).

Management and outcome of pediatric brainstem and cerebellar peduncular low-grade gliomas: a retrospective analysis of 62 cases.

Purpose: This study was designed to present our experience and recommendations regarding the management of pediatric brainstem and peduncular low-grade gliomas (LGGs).

Methods: Retrospective analysis was performed for pathologically proven brainstem or cerebellar peduncular LGGs in patients admitted between 2014 and 2019. These lesions were classified into the dorsal exophytic, focal brainstem, cervicomedullary, lower peduncular, and upper peduncular groups, and this classification was the basis for the surgical approach for the lesions.

Prognostic factors and outcome of pineoblastoma: 10 years single-center experience.

Background: The survival of pineoblastoma patients is low, particularly in infants and those with metastatic disease. This study aimed to analyze the prognostic factors affecting the outcome of Pineoblastoma in different age groups.

Methods: A retrospective study included 33 patients.

F18-FET PET in pediatric brain tumors: integrative analysis of image derived parameters and clinico-pathological data.

Background: F18-FET PET has an established diagnostic role in adult brain gliomas. In this study we analyzed image derived static and dynamic parameters with available conventional MRI, histological, clinical and follow-up data in assessment of pediatric brain tumor patients at different stages of the disease.

Methods: Forty-four pediatric patients with median age 7 years, diagnosed with brain tumors and underwent forty-seven 18F-FET PET scans either initially (20 scans) or post-therapy (27 scans) were enrolled.

Patterns, risk factors and outcome predictors of posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome in pediatric cancer patients.

The purpose of this study was to assess the clinical and radiological patterns and outcome predictors of posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) in pediatric cancer patients. A retrospective study included patients who developed PRES during their treatment at the Children's Cancer Hospital Egypt. A total of 50 patients developed PRES.

Management of pediatric craniopharyngioma: 10-year experience from high-flow center.

Purpose: To report our experience and management strategies during 10 years for 137 childhood craniopharyngiomas treated at a single institution.

Methods: Medical records of children with craniopharyngioma treated at Children's Cancer Hospital Egypt (CCHE-57357) from July 2007 to December 2017 were retrospectively reviewed. Beta-catenin as an immunohistochemical marker was assessed also in available specimens.

Pediatric low grade focal brainstem glioma: outcomes of different treatment strategies and prognostic factors.

This study explores the prognostic factors and outcomes of different treatment modalities in focal brain stem glioma (FBSG). Pediatric FBSG patients diagnosed during 2010-2017 were retrospectively reviewed for clinical and therapeutic data. A total of 71 cases were identified and the median age was 6.

Histone H3K27M Mutation Overrides Histological Grading in Pediatric Gliomas.

Pediatric high-grade gliomas (HGG) are rare aggressive tumors that present a prognostic and therapeutic challenge. Diffuse midline glioma, H3K27M-mutant is a new entity introduced to HGG in the latest WHO classification. In this study we evaluated the presence of H3K27M mutation in 105 tumor samples histologically classified into low-grade gliomas (LGG) (n = 45), and HGG (n = 60).

Management and outcome of pediatric Wilms tumor with malignant inferior Vena cava thrombus: largest cohort of single-center experience.

Background: Wilms tumor (WT) with an inferior Vena cava (IVC) malignant thrombus comprises 4-10% of all WT cases.

Methods: This retrospective analysis included 51 pediatric patients presenting at Children Cancer Hospital Egypt-57357 from July 2007 to December 2016 with the diagnosis of WT with malignant IVC thrombus.

Results: Median age at presentation = 4.

The outcome of childhood adrenocortical carcinoma in Egypt: A model from developing countries.

Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare, aggressive endocrine neoplasm. Complete surgical resection is the single most important treatment. Most available information has been learned from experience with its more frequent adult counterpart.

Correction to: Risk stratification of pediatric high-grade glioma: a newly proposed prognostic score.

The original version of this article unfortunately contained an error. The author apologizes for having provided an incorrect name: "Mohamed S. Zaghluol" should be "Mohamed S.

Association of Aggresomes with Survival Outcomes in Pediatric Medulloblastoma.

Aggresomes are inclusion bodies for misfolded/aggregated proteins. Despite the role of misfolded/aggregated proteins in neurological disorders, their role in cancer pathogenesis is poorly defined. In the current study we aimed to investigate whether aggresomes-positivity could be used to improve the disease subclassification and prognosis prediction of pediatric medulloblastoma.

Risk stratification of pediatric high-grade glioma: a newly proposed prognostic score.

Objectives: High-grade glioma (HGG) is a clinical challenge. Radiation Therapy Oncology Group Recursive Partitioning Analysis (RTOG-RPA) for HGG remains the standard for assessing the prognosis of adult HGG. This study assesses the validity of the RTOG-RPA to be applied to pediatric HGG.

Management of pediatric CNS meningiomas: CCHE-57357 experience in 39 cases.

Purpose: Our aim is to present our experience in the management of pediatric meningiomas in the largest referral center in Egypt for pediatric tumors focusing on variables including clinical picture, anatomic location, histopathology, treatment strategies, and outcome together with their possible correlation to prognosis.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 39 pediatric patients who were treated for CNS meningiomas in Children's Cancer Hospital-Egypt (CCHE-57357) 2007-2017.

Results: The prevalence of pediatric meningioma was 1.