The Role of Thioredoxin System in Shank3 Mouse Model of Autism.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by difficulties in social interaction and communication, repetitive behaviors, and restricted interests. Unfortunately, the underlying molecular mechanism behind ASD remains unknown. It has been reported that oxidative and nitrosative stress are strongly linked to ASD.

The multifaceted role of mitochondria in autism spectrum disorder.

Normal brain functioning relies on high aerobic energy production provided by mitochondria. Failure to supply a sufficient amount of energy, seen in different brain disorders, including autism spectrum disorder (ASD), may have a significant negative impact on brain development and support of different brain functions. Mitochondrial dysfunction, manifested in the abnormal activities of the electron transport chain and impaired energy metabolism, greatly contributes to ASD.

Renal Mitochondrial ATP Transporter Ablation Ameliorates Obesity-Induced CKD.

Significance Statement: This study sheds light on the central role of adenine nucleotide translocase 2 (ANT2) in the pathogenesis of obesity-induced CKD. Our data demonstrate that ANT2 depletion in renal proximal tubule cells (RPTCs) leads to a shift in their primary metabolic program from fatty acid oxidation to aerobic glycolysis, resulting in mitochondrial protection, cellular survival, and preservation of renal function. These findings provide new insights into the underlying mechanisms of obesity-induced CKD and have the potential to be translated toward the development of targeted therapeutic strategies for this debilitating condition.

Mutations associated with autism lead to similar synaptic and behavioral alterations in both sexes of male and female mouse brain.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder based on synaptic abnormalities. The estimated prevalence rate of male individuals diagnosed with ASD prevails over females is in a proportion of 4:1. Consequently, males remain the main focus in ASD studies in clinical and experimental settings.

Nitric Oxide Synthase Inhibition Prevents Cell Proliferation in Glioblastoma.

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a prevalent and aggressive primary brain tumor, presenting substantial treatment challenges and high relapse rates. GBM is characterized by alterations in molecular signaling and enzyme expression within malignant cells. This tumor exhibits elevated nitric oxide (NO) levels.

Effects of extended-release 7-nitroindazole gel formulation treatment on the behavior of Shank3 mouse model of autism.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by behavioral deficits such as abnormalities in communication, social interaction, anxiety, and repetitive behavior. We have recently shown that the Shank3 mutation in mice representing a model of ASD causes excessive nitric oxide (NO) levels and aberrant protein S-nitrosylation. Further, 10-day daily injections of 7-NI, a neuronal nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, into Shank3 and Cntnap2 mutant mice (models of ASD) at a dose of 80 mg/kg reversed the manifestations of ASD phenotype.

The NO Answer for Autism Spectrum Disorder.

Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) include a wide range of neurodevelopmental disorders. Several reports showed that mutations in different high-risk ASD genes lead to ASD. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms have not been deciphered.

Mechanistic insight into female predominance in Alzheimer's disease based on aberrant protein S-nitrosylation of C3.

Protein S-nitros(yl)ation (SNO) is a posttranslational modification involved in diverse processes in health and disease and can contribute to synaptic damage in Alzheimer's disease (AD). To identify SNO proteins in AD brains, we used triaryl phosphine (TRAP) combined with mass spectrometry (MS). We detected 1449 SNO proteins with 2809 SNO sites, representing a wide range of S-nitrosylated proteins in 40 postmortem AD and non-AD human brains from patients of both sexes.

Intrathyroidal parathyroid carcinoma presenting as thyroid nodule: Case report of unusual location.

Introduction: Parathyroid carcinoma (PC) is considered a rare and uncommon malignancy. Its prevalence is about 0.005% of all cancers.

[Emergency management of a giant compressive goitre: a case report].

Compressive goitre is a public health emergency due to the risk of asphyxia caused by compression of bronchial tree. We report the case of a 48-year-old female patient presenting to the emergency department with laryngeal dyspnea due to compressive goitre. We conducted a study and a literature review focusing on the clinical and radiological features of compressive goitre and different treatment options.

A cross-talk between nitric oxide and the glutamatergic system in a Shank3 mouse model of autism.

Nitric oxide (NO) is a multifunctional signaling molecule that plays a crucial role in synaptic transmission and neuronal function. Pioneering studies show that nitric oxide (NO) and S-nitrosylation (SNO, the NO-mediated posttranslational modification) can engender nitrosative stress in the brain, contributing to neurodegenerative diseases. Little is known, however, about the aberrant NO signaling in neurodevelopmental disorders including autism spectrum disorder (ASD).

Arsenic alters nitric oxide signaling similar to autism spectrum disorder and Alzheimer's disease-associated mutations.

Epidemiological studies have proven that exposure to Arsenic (AS) leads to the development of many neurological disorders. However, few studies have investigated its molecular mechanisms in the brain. Our previous work has revealed nitric oxide (NO)-mediated apoptosis and SNO reprogramming in the cortex following arsenic treatment, yet the role of NO and S-nitrosylation (SNO) in AS-mediated neurotoxicity has not been investigated.

Proteomics of autism and Alzheimer's mouse models reveal common alterations in mTOR signaling pathway.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) are two different neurological disorders that share common clinical features, such as language impairment, executive functions, and motor problems. A genetic convergence has been proposed as well. However, the molecular mechanisms of these pathologies are still not well understood.

Internal jugular vein cavernous hemangioma occurring as lateral neck mass: Case report.

Introduction: Cavernous hemangioma is a venous malformation that occurs throughout the entire body but is rarely localized in internal jugular vein, to the best of our knowledge our case is the first case reported in the literature.

Case Report: We report a case of internal jugular vein cavernous hemangioma in a 62-year-old woman and review the literature concerning the clinical features, radiological appearance, histopathological findings and treatment options.

Discussion: Internal jugular vein cavernous hemangioma, is a very rare tumor composed of large dilated blood vessels and containing large blood-filled spaces.

Preconditioning or Postconditioning with 8-Br-cAMP-AM Protects the Heart against Regional Ischemia and Reperfusion: A Role for Mitochondrial Permeability Transition.

The cAMP analogue 8-Br-cAMP-AM (8-Br) confers marked protection against global ischaemia/reperfusion of isolated perfused heart. We tested the hypothesis that 8-Br is also protective under clinically relevant conditions (regional ischaemia) when applied either before ischemia or at the beginning of reperfusion, and this effect is associated with the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP). 8-Br (10 μM) was administered to Langendorff-perfused rat hearts for 5 min either before or at the end of 30 min regional ischaemia.

Systems Biology Reveals S-Nitrosylation-Dependent Regulation of Mitochondrial Functions in Mice with Mutation Associated with Autism Spectrum Disorder.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder manifested in repetitive behavior, abnormalities in social interactions, and communication. The pathogenesis of this disorder is not clear, and no effective treatment is currently available. Protein S-nitrosylation (SNO), the nitric oxide (NO)-mediated posttranslational modification, targets key proteins implicated in synaptic and neuronal functions.

Regional Differences in S-Nitrosylation in the Cortex, Striatum, and Hippocampus of Juvenile Male Mice.

Nitric oxide (NO) is a multifunctional neurotransmitter that plays a major role in neuronal and synaptic functions. S-nitrosylation (SNO), the NO-mediated protein posttransitional modification (PTM), is known to regulate physiological and pathological processes in the brain. However, the physiological role in different neuroanatomical brain regions has not been well investigated.

Systems biology reveals reprogramming of the S-nitroso-proteome in the cortical and striatal regions of mice during aging process.

Cell aging depends on the rate of cumulative oxidative and nitrosative damage to DNA and proteins. Accumulated data indicate the involvement of protein S-nitrosylation (SNO), the nitric oxide (NO)-mediated posttranslational modification (PTM) of cysteine thiols, in different brain disorders. However, the changes and involvement of SNO in aging including the development of the organism from juvenile to adult state is still unknown.

Low Doses of Arsenic in a Mouse Model of Human Exposure and in Neuronal Culture Lead to S-Nitrosylation of Synaptic Proteins and Apoptosis via Nitric Oxide.

Background: Accumulating public health and epidemiological literature support the hypothesis that arsenic in drinking water or food affects the brain adversely.

Methods: Experiments on the consequences of nitric oxide (NO) formation in neuronal cell culture and mouse brain were conducted to probe the mechanistic pathways of nitrosative damage following arsenic exposure.

Results: After exposure of mouse embryonic neuronal cells to low doses of sodium arsenite (SA), we found that Ca was released leading to the formation of large amounts of NO and apoptosis.

The role of nitric oxide in brain disorders: Autism spectrum disorder and other psychiatric, neurological, and neurodegenerative disorders.

Nitric oxide (NO) is a multifunctional signalling molecule and a neurotransmitter that plays an important role in physiological and pathophysiological processes. In physiological conditions, NO regulates cell survival, differentiation and proliferation of neurons. It also regulates synaptic activity, plasticity and vesicle trafficking.

Sex Differences in Biological Processes and Nitrergic Signaling in Mouse Brain.

Nitric oxide (NO) represents an important signaling molecule which modulates the functions of different organs, including the brain. S-nitrosylation (SNO), a post-translational modification that involves the binding of the NO group to a cysteine residue, is a key mechanism of nitrergic signaling. Most of the experimental studies are carried out on male animals.

Screening for gastric cancer using exhaled breath samples.

Background: The aim was to derive a breath-based classifier for gastric cancer using a nanomaterial-based sensor array, and to validate it in a large screening population.

Methods: A new training algorithm for the diagnosis of gastric cancer was derived from previous breath samples from patients with gastric cancer and healthy controls in a clinical setting, and validated in a blinded manner in a screening population.

Results: The training algorithm was derived using breath samples from 99 patients with gastric cancer and 342 healthy controls, and validated in a population of 726 people.