Uterine Mesenchymal Tumors: Updates on Pathology, Molecular Landscape, and Therapeutics.

Mesenchymal uterine tumors are a diverse group of neoplasms with varying biological potential. Many of these neoplasms can have overlapping morphologic similarities, which, in some instances, render their diagnosis and categorization thorough histomorphologic examination inconclusive. In the last decade, an exponential amount of molecular data aiming to more accurately characterize and, consequently, treat these tumors have accumulated.

Association between Endometriosis and the Risk of Ovarian, Endometrial, Cervical, and Breast Cancer: A Population-Based Study from the U.S. National Inpatient Sample 2016-2019.

Objective: We investigated the potential relationship between endometriosis and risk of ovarian, endometrial, cervical, and breast cancers using the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database.

Methods: We utilized the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10) system to identify relevant codes from the NIS database (2016-2019). Univariate and multivariate regression analyses (adjusted for age, race, hospital region, hospital teaching status, income Zip score, smoking, alcohol use, and hormonal replacement therapy) were conducted to evaluate the association between endometriosis and gynecologic cancers and summarized as odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

A case of neonatal osteofibrous dysplasia with novel CDK12 and DDR2 mutations.

Osteofibrous dysplasia [OFD] is a rare, benign pediatric fibro-osseous lesion that exclusively arises in the lower limbs. Apart from the limited number of familial OFD cases with MET mutation, no other genetic aberrations have been identified. Herein, we report a case of OFD in a four-month- old girl's leg with novel cyclin-dependent kinase 12 and discoidin domain receptor 2 gene mutations.

Gangliocytic Paraganglioma: A Rare Etiology of Obstructive Jaundice.

BACKGROUND Gangliocytic paraganglioma is an extremely rare tumor, with only 263 reported cases. This tumor has heterogeneous clinical presentation, with gastrointestinal bleeding being the most common. However, jaundice is a relatively unusual presentation, seen in less than 5% of all cases.

Atypical Presentation of Salzmann Nodule: A Case Report and Literature Review.

Salzmann's nodular degeneration (SND) is an unusual corneal condition that is slowly progressive and non-inflammatory in nature. It results in millimetric gray-white to bluish nodules formation anterior to Bowman's layer of the cornea. It usually affects both eyes in 80% of the cases.

Prognostic factors for progression in atypical meningioma.

In patients with postoperative residual atypical meningiomas, by using volumetric instead of linear measurements in follow-up imaging studies, the authors detected disease progression earlier. By using this approach, treatment for recurrent disease can be instituted promptly with potentially better tumor control and less toxicity due to smaller volume of residual disease.

KiSS1 gene as a novel mediator of TGFβ-mediated cell invasion in triple negative breast cancer.

The invasive and metastatic phenotypes of breast cancer correlate with high recurrence rates and poor survival outcomes. Transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) promotes tumor progression and metastasis in aggressive breast cancer. Here, we identified the kisspeptin KiSS1 as a downstream target of canonical TGFβ/Smad2 pathway in triple negative breast cancer cells.

Cyclin D1 cooperates with p21 to regulate TGFβ-mediated breast cancer cell migration and tumor local invasion.

Introduction: Deregulation of the cell cycle machinery is often found in human cancers. Modulations in the cell cycle regulator function and expression result not only in proliferative advantages, but also lead to tumor progression and invasiveness of the cancer. In particular, cyclin D1 and p21 are often over-expressed in human cancers, correlating with high tumor grade, poor prognosis and increased metastasis.

A novel function for p21Cip1 and acetyltransferase p/CAF as critical transcriptional regulators of TGFβ-mediated breast cancer cell migration and invasion.

Introduction: Tumor cell migration and invasion are critical initiation steps in the process of breast cancer metastasis, the primary cause of breast cancer morbidity and death. Here we investigated the role of p21Cip1 (p21), a member of the core cell cycle machinery, in transforming growth factor-beta (TGFβ)-mediated breast cancer cell migration and invasion.

Methods: A mammary fat pad xenograft mouse model was used to assess the mammary tumor growth and local invasion.

Protein expression profile and prevalence pattern of the molecular classes of breast cancer--a Saudi population based study.

Background: Breast cancer is not a single entity but a diverse group of entities. Advances in gene expression profiling and immunohistochemistry as its surrogate marker have led to the unmasking of new breast cancer molecular subtypes, resulting in the emergence of more elaborate classification systems that are therapeutically and prognostically more predictive. Molecular class distribution across various ethnic groups may also reveal variations that can lead to different clinical outcomes in different populations.