Characteristics of Nonunion After Arthroscopic Ankle Arthrodesis: A Multicenter Retrospective Cohort Study.

Nonunion is a major complication of arthroscopic ankle arthrodesis. However, the characteristics and risk factors of nonunion are not well understood. This retrospective multicenter observational study aimed to clarify the characteristics of nonunion after arthroscopic ankle arthrodesis.

Reliability and validity of the Forgotten Joint Score-12 for total ankle replacement and ankle arthrodesis.

Objectives: This study evaluated the reliability and validity of the Forgotten Joint Score-12 (FJS-12)-a measure of patients' ability to forget their joints in daily life-in patients who underwent total ankle replacement (TAR) or ankle arthrodesis (AA).

Methods: Patients who underwent TAR or AA were recruited from seven hospitals. The patients completed the Japanese version of FJS-12 twice, at an interval of two weeks, at a minimum of one year postoperatively.

Clinical outcomes of surgical treatment for end-stage ankle osteoarthritis in patients aged ≥ 75 years: a multicenter, retrospective study.

Background: This study aimed to clarify the clinical outcomes of surgical treatment for end-stage ankle osteoarthritis in patients aged ≥ 75 years and compare these outcomes with those of patients aged < 75 years.

Methods: A total of 148 patients, including 65 who underwent total ankle arthroplasty and 83 who underwent ankle arthrodesis, were retrospectively surveyed. Clinical outcomes were assessed preoperatively and at the last follow-up using the Japanese Society for Surgery of the Foot Hindfoot Scale and a self-administered foot evaluation questionnaire (SAFE-Q).

Variability in sonographic anterior drawer test measurements of the ankle: Experienced versus beginner examiners.

Background: This study aimed to clarify the variability in the measurements of stress sonography of the ankle and determine the effects of examiner experience on the measurements.

Methods: Twenty examiners (10 experienced and 10 beginners) were included in the study. Each examiner performed stress ultrasonography on a patient with a chronic anterior talofibular ligament injury and a patient with an intact ligament using the reverse anterior drawer method.

Impact of pain in other body regions on the foot-specific quality of life in patients with hallux valgus.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to clarify the prevalence of pain outside the foot, and to determine the associations of pain outside the foot with foot-specific quality of life (QOL) in patients with hallux valgus.

Methods: Patients scheduled to undergo hallux valgus surgery were recruited. Patients answered whether they experienced disabling pain in 13 body regions other than the foot.

Effect of toe exercises and toe grip strength on the treatment of primary metatarsalgia.

Background: The relationship of metatarsalgia and toe function is poorly understood. We investigated the efficacy of toe exercises for the treatment of metatarsalgia.

Methods: Forty-one (56 feet) metatarsalgia patients (mean age ± SD: 63.

Dorsiflexion is more feasible than plantar flexion in ultrasound evaluation of the calcaneofibular ligament: a combination study of ultrasound and cadaver.

Purpose: Ultrasound (US) is a valuable tool for the evaluation of chronic lateral instability of the ankle; however, the feasibility of US for calcaneofibular ligament (CFL) assessment remains unknown. This study aimed to depict and compare CFL on US in various ankle positions to determine the optimal method for evaluating CFL with US and to interpret US findings using cadaveric specimens.

Methods: The US study included 43 ankles of 25 healthy individuals.

Anatomic study of the medial side of the ankle base on the joint capsule: an alternative description of the deltoid and spring ligament.

Background: Adult acquired flatfoot deformity (AAFD) is caused by impaired medial ligamentous structures and posterior tibialis tendon dysfunction (PTTD). Although degeneration and trauma could separately cause AAFD, how these factors interact in the pathomechanism of AAFD is unclear. The joint capsule in the medial ankle is considered an important structure, providing passive stability by limiting joint movement.

Retraction notice to "Post-tetanic burst: a new monitoring method for intense neuromuscular block" [Br J Anaesth 1995; 74: 293-295].

This article has been retracted: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (http://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy).

Retraction notice to "Effect of tetanic stimulation on subsequent train-of-four responses at various levels of vecuronium-induced neuromuscular block" [Br J Anaesth 1994; 73: 416-417].

This article has been retracted: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (http://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy).

Retraction notice to "Post-tetanic count and single twitch height at the onset of reflex movement after administration of vecuronium under different types of anaesthesia" [Br J Anaesth 1994; 72: 688-690].

This article has been retracted: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (http://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy).

Retraction notice to "Relationship between post-tetanic twitch and single twitch response after administration of vecuronium" [Br J Anaesth 1993; 71: 443-444].

This article has been retracted: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (http://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy).

Retraction notice to "Recoveries of post-tetanic twitch and train-of-four responses after administration of vecuronium with different inhalation anaesthetics and neuroleptanaesthesia" [Br J Anaesth 1993; 70: 402-404].

This article has been retracted: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (http://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy).

Anatomy of the Tarsal Canal and Sinus in Relation to the Subtalar Joint Capsule.

Background: Anatomical knowledge of the tarsal canal and sinus is still unclear owing to the complexity of the ligamentous structures within them, particularly the relationship with the capsules of the subtalar joints. The aim of this study was to examine the anatomical relationship between the fibrous tissues of the tarsal canal and sinus and the articular capsules of the subtalar joint.

Methods: We conducted a descriptive anatomical study of 21 embalmed cadaveric ankles.

Local structures around the substituted elements in mixed layered oxides.

The chemical substitution of a transition metal (M) is an effective method to improve the functionality of a material, such as its electrochemical, magnetic, and dielectric properties. The substitution, however, causes local lattice distortion because the difference in the ionic radius (r) modifies the local interatomic distances. Here, we systematically investigated the local structures in the pure (x = 0.

Shorter recovery can be achieved from using walking boot after operative treatment of an ankle fracture.

Background/objective: Ankle fractures, even if treated surgically, usually take a long time to heal. For all patients with ankle fracture, immobilisation is a critical part of treatment. Short-leg walking boots (WBs) have been reported to be an effective alternative to plaster casts (PCs) that could shorten this postoperative recuperative period.

Pulmonary administration of prostacyclin (PGI2) during partial liquid ventilation in an oleic acid-induced lung injury: inhalation of aerosol or intratracheal instillation?

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of aerosolized prostacyclin (A-PGI2) and intratracheally instilled prostacyclin (I-PGI2) during partial liquid ventilation (PLV) on gas exchange and pulmonary circulation in rabbits with acute respiratory distress.

Design: Prospective control study.

Setting: A research laboratory at a university medical centre.

Midazolam and ketamine inhibit glutamate release via a cloned human brain glutamate transporter.

Purpose: In cerebral ischemia/anoxia, the glutamate transporter runs in reverse and releases glutamate into the extracellular space, causing irreversible neuronal damage. Intravenous anesthetics attenuate overall glutamate release and prevent neuronal injury during anoxia/ischemia, but their effect on the glutamate transporter is variable.

Methods: A human glial glutamate transporter (hGLT-I) cDNA was isolated by screening a human cerebral cortical library.

Effects of mild versus deep hypothermia on a cloned human brain glutamate transporter (GLT-1) expressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells.

Glutamate transporters, widely distributed in the brain and spinal cord, maintain extracellular glutamate concentrations below neurotoxic levels. In cerebral ischemia/anoxia, the glutamate transporter runs in reverse and releases glutamate into the extracellular space, causing irreversible neuronal damage. Although hypothermia reduces the elevation of extracellular glutamate concentration during cerebral ischemia/anoxia, little is known about the effect of hypothermia on the glutamate transporter.

Uptake and elimination of sevoflurane in rabbit tissues--an in vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy study.

Purpose: Previous pharmacokinetic studies of fluorinated anesthetics using 19F-magnetic resonance spectroscopy (19F-MRS) have focused on the brain. Investigation of other tissues would give more precise information about the pharmacokinetics of inhalational anesthetics. In this study we investigated the pharmacokinetics of uptake and elimination of sevoflurane in brain, liver, muscle, venous blood and arterial blood of rabbits.

The effects of hypothermia on a cloned human brain glutamate transporter (hGLT-1) expressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells: -[3H]L-glutamate uptake study.

Unlabelled: Hypothermia provides neuroprotection that inhibits increases in extracellular glutamate concentration during ischemia; however, the effect of hypothermia on the glutamate transporter is uncertain. A human glial glutamate transporter (hGLT-1) cDNA, isolated by screening a cDNA, library was cloned and stably transfected into Chinese hamster ovary cells. We assessed the effects of temperature on transporter activity in [3H]L-glutamate flux experiments at 23, 32, and 37 degrees C.