Sustainable production of single-cell oil and protein from wastepaper hydrolysate: identification and optimization of a Rhodotorula mucilaginosa strain as a promising yeast.

This study investigated the potential of wastepaper hydrolysate as a sustainable and low-cost carbon source for single-cell oil and protein production, attending to the growing need for alternative feedstocks and waste management strategies. Wastepaper, characterized by its high carbohydrate content, was subjected to enzymatic and chemo-enzymatic treatments for carbohydrate release. The chemo-enzymatic treatment performed better, yielding 65.