Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic Hiatus From Sports Activities on Injuries Observed Among Division I NCAA Athletes.

Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic significantly disrupted athletic activities, including those in the Pacific 12 (Pac-12) Conference of the National Collegiate Athletic Association. It is currently unknown how the disruption in training and competition impacted athletes' risk of injury upon resumption of activities.

Purpose: To describe and compare the rate, timing, mechanism, and severity of injuries among collegiate athletes across multiple sports in the Pac-12 Conference before and after the COVID-19 pandemic-associated hiatus of intercollegiate athletic activities.

Reliability of MRI Detection of Kaplan Fiber Injury in Pediatric and Adolescent Patients with ACL Tears.

Background: While studies have described Kaplan fiber (KF) injury in up to 60% of adults with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears, the incidence of KF injury in the pediatric and adolescent population remains unknown.

Purpose: To (1) determine the reliability of using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to identify KF injury in the pediatric and adolescent population and (2) define the incidence of KF injury in these patients with acute ACL injuries.

Study Design: Cohort study (diagnosis); Level of evidence, 3.

A Risk Calculator for the Prediction of C5 Nerve Root Palsy After Instrumented Cervical Fusion.

Background: C5 palsy is a common postoperative complication after cervical fusion and is associated with increased health care costs and diminished quality of life. Accurate prediction of C5 palsy may allow for appropriate preoperative counseling and risk stratification. We primarily aim to develop an algorithm for the prediction of C5 palsy after instrumented cervical fusion and identify novel features for risk prediction.

Assessment of Characteristics and Methodological Quality of the Top 50 Most Cited Articles on Platelet-Rich Plasma in Musculoskeletal Medicine.

Background: The wide range of clinical applications and controversial scientific evidence associated with platelet-rich plasma (PRP) therapy in musculoskeletal medicine requires an examination of the most commonly cited studies within this field.

Purpose: To identify the 50 most cited articles on PRP, assess their study design, and determine any correlations between the number of citations and level of evidence (LoE) or methodological quality.

Study Design: Cross-sectional study.

Introducing a Novel Combined Acetabuloplasty and Chondroplasty Technique for the Treatment of Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip.

Background: The aim of the treatment of developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) is to maintain a concentric reduction. We describe a novel approach to treat DDH that involves improvement of cartilaginous acetabular coverage, involves the preservation of the secondary ossification center of the acetabulum, and is adjunctive to early open reduction.

Methodology: Thirty-nine children (40 hips) aged six to 18 months were included in the study.

Machine learning-driven identification of novel patient factors for prediction of major complications after posterior cervical spinal fusion.

Purpose: Posterior cervical fusion is associated with increased rates of complications and readmission when compared to anterior fusion. Machine learning (ML) models for risk stratification of patients undergoing posterior cervical fusion remain limited. We aim to develop a novel ensemble ML algorithm for prediction of major perioperative complications and readmission after posterior cervical fusion and identify factors important to model performance.

Prediction of Major Complications and Readmission After Lumbar Spinal Fusion: A Machine Learning-Driven Approach.

Background: Given the significant cost and morbidity of patients undergoing lumbar fusion, accurate preoperative risk-stratification would be of great utility. We aim to develop a machine learning model for prediction of major complications and readmission after lumbar fusion. We also aim to identify the factors most important to performance of each tested model.

Predictors of Medical Malpractice Outcomes After Spine Surgery: A Comprehensive Analysis From 2010 to 2019.

Study Design: Retrospective review of spine surgery malpractice cases.

Objectives: The aim was to compare medical malpractice outcomes among different types of spine surgery and identify predictors of litigation outcomes.

Summary Of Background Data: Spine surgery is highly litigious in the United States with data suggesting favorable outcomes for defendant surgeons.

Steep effort discounting of a preferred reward over a freely-available option in prolonged methamphetamine withdrawal in male rats.

Rationale: Drug addiction can be described as aberrant allocation of effort toward acquiring drug, despite associated costs. It is unclear if this behavioral pattern results from an overvaluation of reward or to an altered sensitivity to costs.

Objective: Present experiments assessed reward sensitivity and effortful choice in rats following 1 week of withdrawal from methamphetamine (mAMPH).

Post-training depletions of basolateral amygdala serotonin fail to disrupt discrimination, retention, or reversal learning.

In goal-directed pursuits, the basolateral amygdala (BLA) is critical in learning about changes in the value of rewards. BLA-lesioned rats show enhanced reversal learning, a task employed to measure the flexibility of response to changes in reward. Similarly, there is a trend for enhanced discrimination learning, suggesting that BLA may modulate formation of stimulus-reward associations.