Anterograde Mini-Percutaneous Retropelvic Extra-Luminal Endopyelotomy: A Novel Approach to Uretero-Pelvic Junction Obstruction.

Background Uretero-pelvic junction obstruction (UPJO) is a common cause of upper tract urinary obstruction. This condition is generally treated with various surgical options which include endoscopic (retrograde or anterograde), laparoscopic, open or robotic-assisted approaches. Herein, we describe a novel endoscopic retropelvic extra-luminal approach using a mini (14 Fr) nephroscope.

Pain modulation by audiovisual distraction during cystoscopy.

Introduction: Cystoscopy is one of the most common urological procedures used for either diagnostics, therapeutics, or for surveillance. It may be performed under local or general anesthesia. The procedure is associated with pain and discomfort.