The Possible Mechanisms of Cu and Zn in the Treatment and Prevention of HIV and COVID-19 Viral Infection.

Due to their unique properties and their potential therapeutic and prophylactic applications, heavy metals have attracted the interest of many researchers, especially during the outbreak of COVID-19. Indeed, zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) have been widely used during viral infections. Zn has been reported to prevent excessive inflammatory response and cytokine storm, improve the response of the virus to Type I interferon (IFN-1), and enhance the production of IFN-a to counteract the antagonistic effect of SARS-CoV-2 virus protein on IFN.

Multilineage Differentiating Stress Enduring (Muse) Cells: A New Era of Stem Cell-Based Therapy.

Stem cell transplantation has recently demonstrated a significant therapeutic efficacy in various diseases. Multilineage-differentiating stress-enduring (Muse) cells are stress-tolerant endogenous pluripotent stem cells that were first reported in 2010. Muse cells can be found in the peripheral blood, bone marrow and connective tissue of nearly all body organs.