Genetic Concordance of Staphylococcus aureus From Oropharyngeal and Sputum Cultures in People With Cystic Fibrosis.

Background: People with cystic fibrosis (CF) may not expectorate sputum at young ages or after they receive CFTR modulators. While oropharyngeal swabs are commonly used to test for lower airway pathogens, it is unknown whether Staphylococcus aureus from the oropharynx matches the strain(s) infecting the lungs. Our goal was to determine whether oropharyngeal and sputum isolates of S.

A two-variant model of SARS-COV-2 transmission: estimating the characteristics of a newly emerging strain.

Background: The Covid-19 pandemic has been characterized by the emergence of novel SARS-CoV-2 variants, each with distinct properties influencing transmission dynamics, immune escape, and virulence, which, in turn, influence their impact on local populations. Swift analysis of the properties of newly emerged variants is essential in the initial days and weeks to enhance readiness and facilitate the scaling of clinical and public health system responses.

Methods: This paper introduces a two-variant metapopulation compartmental model of disease transmission to simulate the dynamics of disease transmission during a period of transition to a newly dominant strain.

Staphylococcus aureus adapts to exploit collagen-derived proline during chronic infection.

Staphylococcus aureus is a pulmonary pathogen associated with substantial human morbidity and mortality. As vaccines targeting virulence determinants have failed to be protective in humans, other factors are likely involved in pathogenesis. Here we analysed transcriptomic responses of human clinical isolates of S.

Supplementation with soluble or insoluble rice-bran fibers increases short-chain fatty acid producing bacteria in the gut microbiota .

Introduction: Studies have shown that a diet high in fiber and prebiotics has a positive impact on human health due largely to the fermentation of these compounds by the gut microbiota. One underutilized source of fiber may be rice bran, a waste product of rice processing that is used most frequently as an additive to livestock feed but may be a good source of fibers and other phenolic compounds as a human diet supplement. Previous studies focused on specific compounds extracted from rice bran showed that soluble fibers extracted from rice bran can improve glucose response and reduce weight gain in mouse models.

RdJ detection tests to identify a unique MRSA clone of ST105-SCCII lineage and its variants disseminated in the metropolitan region of Rio de Janeiro.

Hospital bloodstream infection (BSI) caused by methicillin-resistant (MRSA) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality and is frequently related to invasive procedures and medically complex patients. An important feature of MRSA is the clonal structure of its population. Specific MRSA clones may differ in their pathogenic, epidemiological, and antimicrobial resistance profiles.

Impact of microalgae layer thickness on the treatment performance of drain water.

The water shortage problem in Egypt has promoted the exploration of new water resources, including the use of treated agricultural drainage water. This study aims to develop an efficient and cost-effective method for the in-situ treatment of agricultural drainage water from the Bahr-ElBaqar drain using a microalgae layer. The objective was to establish the optimal thickness of the layer for achieving the highest removal efficiency of pollutants from the drain's wastewater.

Structural changes in testes of Streptozotocin induced diabetic rats and possible protective effect of royal jelly: light and electron microscopic study.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the most common metabolic diseases causing damage in many organs in the body including the testes. Royal Jelly (RJ) is one of the honey bee products that has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antidiabetic properties. This study was performed to evaluate the changes in the microscopic structure of the testes in Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats, and the possible protective role of RJ.

Parallel evolution of linezolid-resistant in patients with cystic fibrosis.

Linezolid is an antibiotic used to treat serious infections. Resistance to linezolid is considered rare but could emerge with repeated dosing. We recently reported widespread prescription of linezolid for a cohort of patients with cystic fibrosis (CF).

Dynamics of the MRSA Population in a Chilean Hospital: a Phylogenomic Analysis (2000-2016).

The global dissemination of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is associated with the emergence and establishment of clones in specific geographic areas. The Chilean-Cordobes clone (ChC) (ST5-SCCI) has been the predominant MRSA clone in Chile since its first description in 1998, despite the report of other emerging MRSA clones in recent years. Here, we characterize the evolutionary history of MRSA from 2000 to 2016 in a Chilean tertiary health care center using phylogenomic analyses.

Heavy Metal Pollution From a Major Earthquake and Tsunami in Chile Is Associated With Geographic Divergence of Clinical Isolates of Methicillin-Resistant in Latin America.

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a priority pathogen listed by the World Health Organization. The global spread of MRSA is characterized by successive waves of epidemic clones that predominate in specific geographical regions. The acquisition of genes encoding resistance to heavy-metals is thought to be a key feature in the divergence and geographical spread of MRSA.

Parallel Evolution of Linezolid Resistant in Patients with Cystic Fibrosis.

Background: Linezolid is an antibiotic used to treat serious infections. Resistance to linezolid is considered rare but could emerge with repeated dosing. We recently reported widespread prescription of linezolid for a cohort of patients with cystic fibrosis (CF).

The Effect of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles of Ethyl Acetate Extract on Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma Cells.

Background: Nanoparticles' precise targeting properties are becoming increasingly important in treating cancer and starting to outweigh cancer therapies.

Methods: The anticancer activity of ethyl acetate iron oxide nanoparticles (NP EAE) of Müll. Mosaica was tested using Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells (EAC).

Novel Tetrahydro-[1,2,4]triazolo[3,4-]isoquinoline Chalcones Suppress Breast Carcinoma through Cell Cycle Arrests and Apoptosis.

Chalcones are interesting anticancer drug candidates which have attracted much interest due to their unique structure and their extensive biological activity. Various functional modifications in chalcones have been reported, along with their pharmacological properties. In the current study, novel chalcone derivatives with the chemical base of tetrahydro-[1,2,4]triazolo[3,4-a]isoquinolin-3-yl)-3-arylprop-2-en-1-one were synthesized, and the structure of their molecules was confirmed through NMR spectroscopy.

Histological study of the role of CD34+ stem cells and mast cells in cyclophosphamide-induced thymic injury in rats and the possible attenuating role of melatonin.

Cyclophosphamide (CP) is an anticancer drug that adversely affects immunity and thymus structure. Melatonin is a hormone secreted by the pineal gland. It boosts immunity and has antioxidant properties.

The possible protective role of vitamin C versus melatonin on potassium dichromate induced changes in rat thyroid gland: light and electron microscopic study.

Potassium dichromate is widely used in various laboratory and industrial applications. Vitamin C and melatonin are well-known antioxidants. Study the microscopic and morphometric alterations in the thyroid gland in adult male albino rats after the administration of potassium dichromate for successive 2 months and also to assess the possible protective effect of vitamin C versus melatonin on these changes.

The possible protective role of melatonin versus garlic on monosodium Glutamate-induced changes in rat cerebellar cortex: histological, immunohistochemical and electron microscope study.

Monosodium glutamate (MSG) is widely used as a flavor enhancer. Melatonin and garlic are well known as antioxidant. The present study was performed to evaluate the microscopic changes in the cerebellar cortex of rats after the administration of MSG and the possible protective effect of melatonin versus garlic on those changes.

Pre-epidemic evolution of the MRSA USA300 clade and a molecular key for classification.

Introduction: USA300 has remained the dominant community and healthcare associated methicillin-resistant (MRSA) clone in the United States and in northern South America for at least the past 20 years. In this time, it has experienced epidemic spread in both of these locations. However, its pre-epidemic evolutionary history and origins are incompletely understood.

Fructooligosaccharides (FOS) differentially modifies the gut microbiota in an age-dependent manner.

Introduction: Fructooligosaccharides (FOS) are well-known carbohydrates that promote healthy gut microbiota and have been previously demonstrated to enhance levels of and . Its bifidogenic properties are associated with positive health outcomes such as reduced obesity and anti-inflammatory properties, and, therefore, is in use as a prebiotic supplement to support healthy gut microbiota. However, the gut microbiota changes with age, which may lead to differential responses to treatments with prebiotics and other dietary supplements.

Growth hormone enhances the CD34+ stem cells repopulation of the male albino rat thymus gland in cyclophosphamide induced injury: immunohistochemical and electron microscopic study.

Cyclophosphamide (CP) is a chemotherapeutic drug that has a harmful effect on the immune system. Growth hormone (GH) is a peptide hormone that can enhance thymic functions in cases of immunosuppression. Therefore, the present study was performed to study the possible protective effect of growth hormone on cyclophosphamide-induced changes in the rat thymus gland.

The possible protective role of pimpinella anisum oil versus selenium on aspartame induced changes in rat cerebellar cortex: histological, immunohistochemical and electron microscopic study.

Aspartame (ASP) is an artificial sweeter. Chronic use of ASP has a harmful effect on cerebellar cortex. Anisum oil and selenium (SE) are antioxidant substances.

High frequency of increased triclosan MIC among CC5 MRSA and risk of misclassification of the SCCmec into types.

Background: Typing of staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) elements is commonly used for studies on the molecular epidemiology of MRSA.

Objectives: To perform an investigation centred on uncovering the reasons for misclassification of MRSA clonal complex 5 (CC5) SCCmec type II clinical isolates in our laboratory.

Methods: MRSA isolates from CC5 were subjected to WGS and SCCmec typing.