Zero Valent Iron Nanoparticle-Loaded Nanobentonite Intercalated Carboxymethyl Chitosan for Efficient Removal of Both Anionic and Cationic Dyes.

A zero valent iron-loaded nano-bentonite intercalated carboxymethyl chitosan (nZVI@nBent-CMC) composite was fabricated and characterized by FT-IR, TEM, TEM-EDX, XRD, BET surface area, and zeta potential measurements. The as-fabricated nZVI@nBent-CMC composite exhibited excellent removal efficiency for both anionic Congo red (CR) dye and cationic crystal violet (CV) dye. The maximum uptake capacities of CR and CV onto the nZVI@nBent-CMC composite were found to be 884.

Colorectal cancers and chlorinated water.

Published reports have revealed increased risk of colorectal cancers in people exposed to chlorinated drinking water or chemical derivatives of chlorination. Oestrogen plays a dual positive functions for diminishing the possibilities of such risk by reducing the entrance, and increasing the excretion, of these chemicals. In addition, there are supplementary measures that could be employed in order to reduce this risk further, such as boiling the drinking water, revising the standard concentrations of calcium, magnesium and iron in the public drinking water and prescribing oestrogen in susceptible individuals.

Does living in crowded houses offer protection against the development of inflammatory bowel disease?

Introduction: The credibility of the "Hygiene hypothesis" in patients with inflammatory bowel disease has been assessed.

Objective: This survey is aimed at finding an answer for the question: "Does living in crowded or overcrowded houses protect against the development of inflammatory bowel disease?"

Patients And Methods: Asian immigrants to the United Kingdom who attended inflammatory bowel diseases' clinics during the period of the study and who fulfilled Leonard-Jones criteria were asked to complete a questionnaire. The participants were asked to respond to questions on age, sex, their birth rank, diagnosis, & number of brothers, sisters, sons and daughters.

Epidemiology and inflammatory bowel diseases.

The role of alcohol in causing or aggravating the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease is unclear. For finding a conclusive answer for this valuable question we conducted this review. Only two studies were identified that successfully fulfilled our inclusive criteria.

Trends on gastrointestinal bleeding and mortality: where are we standing?

Bleeding from the gastrointestinal tract and its management are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The predisposing factors that led to the occurrence of these hemorrhagic instances are largely linked to the life style of the affected persons. Designing a new strategy aimed at educating the publics and improving their awareness of the problem could effectively help in eradicating this problem with no associated risks and in bringing the mortality rates down to almost zero.

Management of fistula-in-ano: an introduction.

Peri-anal fistulae are a worldwide health problem that can affect any person anywhere. Surgical management of these fistulae is not free from risks. Recurrence and fecal incontinence are the most common complications after surgery.

Mechanism of non-specific-fistula-in-ano: Hormonal aspects-Review.

Abscesses could occur anywhere, but quite few that could proceed forward and develop fistulae. Crypto glandular abscess formation concept has been forming the basis for almost all designed strategies for management of cases of idiopathic fistula-in-ano for ages. Yet, this hypothesis failed to explain the reason(s) for the recorded lower incidences of idiopathic anal fistula in females than in males.

High carbohydrates consumption and inflammatory bowel diseases.

High consumption of potatoes, soft drinks, cornflakes, chocolates, mushrooms and other common examples of complex carbohydrates in the western side of the globe is significant. Similarly, Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD) (Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis) are also prevalent in these regions. Evidence exists to support that factors, such as lack of zinc (it is common in patients with IBD, in particular Crohn's patients) may significantly affect the activity of some enzymes, such as, disaccharidases and other digesting enzymes of carbohydrates and that would lead to the recruitment of incompletely digested carbohydrates to the terminal ileum and continual stimulation of the immune-response accordingly.

Implications of abnormal pathology in fulminating colitis on the outcome of surgery.

Background: The severe relapse of the diseases in patients with Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Early prediction for the failure of aggressive medical treatment and consequently, early surgical interference in cases with severe colitis and severe Crohn's colitis are supposed to be effective means for reducing these high rates.

Methods: Patients who presented at the Accident & Emergency Department with severe colitis and severe Crohn's colitis and on whom emergency colectomy was operated were identified and they formed the basis of this study.

Colorectal cancer and pollution.

The incidence of colorectal carcinoma is increasing in young patients, in contrast to the well established wisdom that it is exclusively diagnosed in patients older than 40 years. In this survey, we examined all possible risk factors, and we recommend a number of measures for early detection in young patients who are at risk of developing this malignant tumor.

Smoking and inflammatory bowel diseases: what in smoking alters the course?

Epidemiological studies provide strong evidence to confirm the correlation between cigarette smoking and inflammatory bowel diseases. This relationship is proved to be positive in Crohn's disease and negative in ulcerative colitis. What in smoking alters the course of inflammatory bowel diseases is still a mystery.

Is the DHEAS/cortisol ratio a potential filter for non-operable constipated cases?

Constipation is a significant manifestation of a number of psychological disorders. Published papers recommend using self-assessment questionnaires for discriminating psychological from non-psychological constipated patients before operating on them but reports from major surveys revealed that general practitioners failed to diagnose 70% of depressed patients using self-assessment questionnaires. Lower circulating concentrations of progesterone, 17-hydroxyprogesterone, cortisol, testosterone, androstenedione, and dehydroepiandrostenedione sulfate (DHEAS) during the follicular phase in constipated young women compared with respective controls were found during the follicular phase of the menstrual cycles.

Different prevalence of chronic-non-infectious diseases.

Inflammatory bowel disease, coronary artery disease, cerebrovascular disease, hypertension, diabetes, tumours, are examples of chronic degenerative diseases that have a high prevalence in developed nations. These chronic-non-communicable diseases have multifactorial aetiologies that considered to be caused by the interaction of environmental risk factors with multiple predisposing genes. Genetic researches on these diseases have traditionally focused on investigation aimed at identifying disease-susceptibility genes.

Oestrogens and Crohn's disease: the missed link.

Observational studies, sometimes, can not provide us with clear answers for very important questions. The answer for a question on whether sex hormones in general, and oestrogen in particular, play some role in inducing and development of Crohn's disease is uncertain. Study design, inclusion criteria, and different formulations of oral contraceptives may partly explain the conflict results of the published reports.

Reasons for creation of permanent ileostomy for the management of idiopathic chronic constipation.

The aim of the present study was to examine the reasons for initiation of end ileostomy for management of intractable constipation over the last 35 years. A total of 62 patients with intractable constipation, on whom an end ileostomy was created during the period from 1966 to 2001, were recorded. The incidence of initiating a terminal ileostomy as a further surgical intervention to the total number of managed patients in examined studies varied from 2 to 25%.

Zinc deficiency in men with Crohn's disease may contribute to poor sperm function and male infertility.

In Great Britain, married couples were reported to have between 1.9 and 2.1 children, while men with Crohn's disease had a mean of 1.