Surgery residency training programmes have greater impact on outcomes after pancreaticoduodenectomy than hospital volume or surgeon frequency.

Background: Hospital volume of pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) and surgeon frequency of PD have been shown to impact outcomes. The impact of surgery residency training programmes after PD is unknown. This study was undertaken to determine the impact of surgery training programmes on outcomes after PD, as well as their importance relative to hospital volume and surgeon frequency of PD.