Association of Urinary Cadmium Concentration With Cognitive Impairment in US Adults: A Longitudinal Cohort Study.

Background And Objectives: Studies have indicated that cadmium (Cd) exposure is associated with neurotoxicity. However, data linking Cd exposure to cognitive impairment are sparse. We aimed to investigate the association between urinary Cd concentration and cognitive impairment in US adults.

Vegetarian diets and risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: An observational study of National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005-2018 using propensity score methods.

Background: Studies on the association between vegetarian diets and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are limited and have inconsistent results. This study aims to explore the association between vegetarian diets and NAFLD and compare the stage of fibrosis between vegetarians and nonvegetarians in a US representative sample.

Methods: Cross-sectional data from 23,130 participants aged ≥20 years were obtained from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2005-2018.

Grass-Fed and Non-Grass-Fed Whey Protein Consumption Do Not Attenuate Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage and Soreness in Resistance-Trained Individuals: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial.

Eccentric muscle contractions can cause structural damage to muscle cells resulting in temporarily decreased muscle force production and soreness. Prior work indicates pasture-raised dairy products from grass-fed cows have greater anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties compared to grain-fed counterparts. However, limited research has evaluated the utility of whey protein from pasture-raised, grass-fed cows to enhance recovery compared to whey protein from non-grass-fed cows.

Diets with Higher Anti-inflammatory Potential Associated with Lower Risk of Development of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Early-Stage of Fibrosis Among US Adults.

Background: There is limited evidence of how dietary inflammatory potential influences nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) progression.

Aims: Our study aims to evaluate the association of dietary inflammatory index (DII) with liver fibrosis, a hallmark feature of NAFLD, among US adults.

Methods: Cross-sectional data consisting of 5,506 participants in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2011 to 2018 were used.

Dietary Intake and Nutritional Status among Refugees in Host Countries: A Systematic Review.

Refugees remain vulnerable to acute food insecurity, malnutrition, and critically inadequate food and nutrient intake after migration, regardless of the economic level of the host country. We conducted this systematic review to summarize and evaluate the dietary intake and nutritional status among refugees resettled in non-camp settings worldwide. We searched PubMed and Web of Science databases to review relevant studies published between 2009 and 2020 using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines.

Do B Vitamins Enhance the Effect of -3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on Cardiovascular Diseases? A Systematic Review of Clinical Trials.

Studies have suggested that B vitamins or -3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) may deter the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD). This systematic review aims to examine whether the combined supplementation of both B vitamins and -3 PUFAs could provide additional beneficial effects to prevent CVD beyond the effect of each supplement based on clinical trials published up to December 2021. The overall findings are inconsistent and inconclusive, yet the combined supplementation of these two nutrients may be more effective at reducing plasma homocysteine, triglyceride, and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol than the individual components.

High Intraindividual Variability in the Response of Serum Erythropoietin to Multiple Simulated Altitude Exposures.

Baranauskas, Marissa N., Timothy J. Fulton, Alyce D.

Association of magnesium intake with sleep duration and sleep quality: findings from the CARDIA study.

Study Objectives: As an antagonist of calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg) has been implicated in the regulation of sleep. We aimed to examine the longitudinal associations of Mg intake and Ca-to-Mg intake ratio (Ca:Mg) with sleep quality and duration.

Methods: The study sample consisted of 3,964 participants from the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study.

Long-chain omega-3 fatty acids, selenium, and mercury in relation to sleep duration and sleep quality: findings from the CARDIA study.

Purpose: To examine the associations of long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCω3PUFA) intake with sleep quality and duration in a cohort of American young adults, and to explore whether the associations of interest are modified by selenium (Se) and/or mercury (Hg) status.

Methods: The study sample consisted of 3964 men and women from the longitudinal Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study, aged 25.0 ± 3.

Nutrition Curriculum Training and Implementation Improves Teachers' Self-Efficacy, Knowledge, and Outcome Expectations.

Objective: To examine the effects of training and implementation of Forecasting Your Future: Nutrition Matters on teachers' self-efficacy to teach nutrition and teachers' nutrition knowledge and explore outcome expectations for students.

Methods: A mixed-methods study, with Indiana Family and Consumer Sciences high school teachers randomized to control and intervention, was conducted using baseline surveys, implementation of new or usual curriculum, follow-up survey(s), and semistructured interviews. Self-efficacy and knowledge were analyzed by hierarchical linear modeling.

Influence of Zinc on the Acute Changes in Erythropoietin and Proinflammatory Cytokines with Hypoxia.

Baranauskas, Marissa N., Joseph Powell, Alyce D. Fly, Bruce J.

Magnesium intake is inversely associated with the risk of metabolic syndrome in the REasons for geographic and racial differences in stroke (REGARDS) cohort study.

Objective: To investigate the longitudinal association between magnesium (Mg) intake and the risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS).

Methods: Poisson regression models with robust standard error estimation were used to examine the association between total Mg intake and the risk of MetS in 6802 participants aged ≥45 years at baseline in the REasons for Geographic And Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) study. Dietary data were collected using the modified Block 98 food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) at baseline and incident MetS was diagnosed during follow-up if a participant had three or more of the five components of MetS based on the harmonized definition.

A Randomized mHealth Trial to Promote Vegetable Intake Through Counting and Goal Setting.

Objective: To determine if counting and goal setting can increase red/orange vegetable intake.

Design: Pre-posttest experimental.

Setting: Midwestern university.

Curriculum with Teacher Training Promotes Students to Try New Fruits and Vegetables.

Background: Many high school students do not consume the recommended amounts of fruits and vegetables.

Objective: This study evaluated student outcomes from a new nutrition curriculum that includes messages from the 2015-2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans with a teacher training component for high school Family and Consumer Sciences (FACS) teachers.

Methods: A cluster-randomized controlled study was conducted with 1104 students in FACS classes from 35 schools, taught by teachers trained in implementing a new curriculum (intervention) and teachers using their usual curricula (control).

Considerations for Obesity, Vitamin D, and Physical Activity Amid the COVID-19 Pandemic.

As the biomedical community races to disentangle the unknowns associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, the virus responsible for causing coronavirus disease, the link between diminished immune function and individuals with obesity raises important questions about the possibility for greater viral pathogenicity in this population. Increased adiposity may undermine the pulmonary microenvironment wherein viral pathogenesis and immune cell trafficking could contribute to a maladaptive cycle of local inflammation and secondary injury. A further challenge to those with obesity during the current pandemic may involve vitamin D deficiency or insufficiency.

Calcium Intake and Serum Calcium Level in Relation to the Risk of Ischemic Stroke: Findings from the REGARDS Study.

Background And Purpose: Data on the association between calcium (Ca) and ischemic stroke are sparse and inconsistent. This study aimed to examine Ca intake and serum Ca levels in relation to risk of ischemic stroke.

Methods: The primary analysis included 19,553 participants from the Reasons for Geographic And Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) study.

The Function and Alteration of Immunological Properties in Human Milk of Obese Mothers.

Maternal obesity is associated with metabolic changes in mothers and higher risk of obesity in the offspring. Obesity in breastfeeding mothers appears to influence human milk production as well as the quality of human milk. Maternal obesity is associated with alteration of immunological factors concentrations in the human milk, such as C-reactive protein (CRP), leptin, IL-6, insulin, TNF-Alpha, ghrelin, adiponectin, and obestatin.

Effect of carbohydrate ingestion on central fatigue during prolonged running exercise in moderate hypoxia.

To determine whether acute exposure to moderate hypoxia alters central and peripheral fatigue and to test whether carbohydrate ingestion impacts fatigue characteristics, 12 trained runners completed three running trials lasting 1 h each at 65% of normoxic maximum oxygen uptake. The first trial was performed in normoxia [inspired O fraction ( ) = 0.21], and the last two trials were completed in hypoxia (  = 0.

Association of herbal/botanic supplement use with quality of life, recurrence, and survival in newly diagnosed stage II colon cancer patients: A 2-y follow-up study.

Objectives: Our objective was to investigate the association between herbal/botanic supplement use and perceived quality of life (QoL), cancer recurrence, and all-cause mortality in colon cancer patients.

Methods: Patients (n = 453) newly diagnosed with stage II adenocarcinoma of the colon between 2009 and 2011 were recruited from the North Carolina Central Cancer Registry. Data including demographic variables, herbal medicine use and frequency, lifestyle, diet, cancer treatment, and QoL were collected by interviews at diagnosis (baseline) and 1 and 2 y after diagnosis.

Carbohydrate Mouth Rinse Improves Cycling Time-Trial Performance without Altering Plasma Insulin Concentration.

Rinsing the mouth with a carbohydrate solution has been shown to improve exercise performance in a manner similar to carbohydrate ingestion. However, the underlying mechanisms behind these ergogenic benefits remain unclear. This study evaluated whether rinsing the mouth with a carbohydrate solution alters plasma insulin and glucose concentration during the initial stages of a 40 km cycling time-trial.

USDA Fresh Fruit and Vegetable Program Is More Effective in Town and Rural Schools Than Those in More Populated Communities.

Background: We attempted to determine effects of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Fresh Fruit and Vegetable Program (FFVP) on variety and frequency of fruit and vegetable intake by students in schools from different locales.

Methods: Data were derived from the 2011-2012 Indiana FFVP Student Survey completed by 4229 fourth-sixth graders. Effects were studied within 2 groups, 39 city and suburb schools, and 12 town and rural schools.

Student feedback to improve the United States Department of Agriculture Fresh Fruit and Vegetable Program.

Background/objectives: Fruit and vegetable consumption of children in the United States falls below recommendations. The U.S.

Fish Oil Supplementation and Quality of Life in Stage II Colorectal Cancer Patients: A 24-Month Follow-Up Study.

Research suggests that cancer survivors have an interest in lifestyle changes following a diagnosis. However, few studies have prospectively investigated whether these changes result in positive outcomes. The objective of this study was to examine the associations between fish oil supplementation and quality of life (QoL), cancer recurrence, and all-cause mortality in Stage 2 colorectal cancer (CRC) patients following diagnosis.