Multiple Introductions of the Pestiferous Land Snail (Müller, 1774) (Gastropoda: Helicidae) in Southern California.

The terrestrial land snail is circum-Mediterranean in native range and widely introduced and pestiferous in regions around the world. In California, USA, has been recorded intermittently since 1914, but its source population(s) are unknown, and no morphological or molecular analyses within or between California populations have been published. Therefore, we compared molecular data (CO1, 16S, ITS2) and internal morphology (jaw, radula, reproductive system) in collected from Los Angeles and San Diego counties in 2019-2020.