Determining Asymmetry Thresholds in Anophthalmia/Microphthalmia Using a Three-dimensional Animated Model.

Purpose: Congenital microphthalmia and anophthalmia are rare development disorders with underdevelopment of the orbital region, resulting in asymmetry of the face. No clear guidelines exist to determine when these deviations are acceptable.

Methods: The face of a healthy 6-year-old child was three-dimensionally scanned.

Long term follow-up of axial length and orbital dimensions in congenital microphthalmia and anophthalmia.

Purpose: To evaluate axial length (AL), orbital width (OW) and height (OH) development in congenital microphthalmia and anophthalmia (MICA) using serial ultrasonography measurements.

Methods: A longitudinal prospective cohort (n = 74) of unilaterally and bilaterally affected MICA patients was followed from 2013 to 2022 at the university hospital in Amsterdam, the Netherlands. Clinical entity, age, severity category based on axial length, conformer treatment and intra-orbital cysts were registered.

Impact of Bevacizumab on Visual Function, Tumor Size, and Toxicity in Pediatric Progressive Optic Pathway Glioma: A Retrospective Nationwide Multicentre Study.

Backgrounds: Bevacizumab (BVZ) is used as a subsequent line of treatment for pediatric optic pathway glioma (OPG) in the case of progression. Data on the treatment effect concerning tumor progression and visual function are scarce and nationwide studies are lacking.

Methods: We performed a retrospective, nationwide, multicentre cohort study including all pediatric patients with OPG treated with BVZ in the Netherlands (2009-2021).

Workflow and treatment results for computer-aided design and 3D-printed conformer therapy of congenital anophthalmia and microphthalmia.

Background/aims: To evaluate treatment with custom, three-dimensional (3D) printed conformers for socket expansion in congenital microphthalmia and anophthalmia (MICA).

Methods: Retrospective analysis of prospective cohort from 2016 to 2020. All children received custom-made 3D-printed conformers increasing in size.

Three-Dimensional Computer-Aided Design of a Full-Color Ocular Prosthesis with Textured Iris and Sclera Manufactured in One Single Print Job.

Three-dimensional (3D) printing of ocular prosthesis has been scarcely described in medical literature. Although ocular prostheses have been 3D printed successfully, iris colors are often manually added to the final product afterward. The objective was to produce a 3D-printed ocular prosthesis with textured iris and sclera in one single print job.

Meta-analysis of ocular axial length in newborns and infants up to 3 years of age.

In pediatric ophthalmology it is often necessary to obtain axial length in young children. For children older than 3 years, noncontact biometry can be used. For younger children this is usually not an option, and the clinician needs to rely on other imaging modalities.

Recurrent contracted sockets treated with personalized, three-dimensionally printed conformers and buccal grafts.

Purpose: Recurrent contracted sockets are complex situations where previous surgeries have failed, disabling the wear of an ocular prosthesis. A combined method of surgery and long-term fixation using custom-made, three-dimensional (3D) printed conformers is evaluated.

Methods: Retrospective case series of nine patients with recurrent excessive socket contraction and inability to wear a prosthesis, caused by chemical burns ( = 3), fireworks ( = 3), trauma ( = 2) and enucleation and radiotherapy at childhood due to optic nerve glioma ( = 1) with three average previous socket surgeries (range 2-6).

[Clinical aspects of the abnormal pupillary response; shedding light on pupillary response].

Testing the pupillary response is a quick and valuable diagnostic measure for certain neurological and ophthalmological diseases in patients. The pupillary response can aid in localizing abnormalities in important parts of the visual system and brainstem, provided that the tests are executed and interpreted correctly. When an abnormal pupillary response is found, it is important to differentiate between an afferent problem (eyeball, retina, optical nerve), brain stem pathology, or an efferent problem (parasympathetic fibers of the oculomotor nerve, iris sphincter muscle).

Classification for treatment urgency for the microphthalmia/anophthalmia spectrum using clinical and biometrical characteristics.

Purpose: Current clinical classifications do not distinguish between the severity of the MICrophthalmia/Anophthalmia (MICA) spectrum with regard to treatment urgency. We aim to provide parameters for distinguishing mild, moderate and severe MICA using clinical and biometrical characteristics.

Methods: We performed a single-centre, cross-sectional analysis of prospective cohort of 58 MICA children from September 2013 to February 2018 seen at the Amsterdam University Medical Center, The Netherlands.