Publications by authors named "Alvin Zfass"

Introduction: Current guidelines recommend endoscopic eradication therapy (EET) for Barrett's esophagus (BE) with dysplasia and intramucosal adenocarcinoma using either radiofrequency ablation (RFA) or liquid nitrogen spray cryotherapy (LNSC). The aims of this multicenter study are to compare the rate and number of treatment sessions of RFA vs. LNSC to achieve CE-D and CE-IM and assess outcomes for those who switched therapy.

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Introduction: Epithelial barrier function (EBF) disruption is a key mechanism underlying gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Our aim was to assess whether two novel technologies, probe-based confocal laser endomicroscopy (pCLE) and mucosal integrity testing (MIT), could assess EBF.

Methods: We prospectively enrolled patients undergoing upper endoscopy for refractory GERD or non-GERD conditions.

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Introduction: Data supporting endoscopic resection (ER) over surgical resection (SR) for large and complex polyps come from high-volume centers. The aim of this study was to determine whether these favorable outcomes can be replicated among endoscopists at tertiary Veterans Affairs Medical Centers (VAMCs) who perform 25 to 30 ER cases a year.

Methods: Patients with adenomatous polyps or intra-mucosal cancers ≥ 2 cm in size who underwent ER or SR were identified from prospectively maintained databases at the 2 tertiary VAMCs in Veterans Integrated Service Network 6 (VISN6).

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 Liquid nitrogen spray cryotherapy (LNSC) can provide rapid dysphagia relief, and is postulated to stimulate a local antitumor immune response. The aim of this prospective pilot clinical trial was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of LNSC when administered prior to chemoradiotherapy.  Treatment-naïve adult patients with dysphagia at the time of biopsy-proven squamous carcinoma or adenocarcinoma of the esophagus were prospectively enrolled at two tertiary medical centers.

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Traditionally, early esophageal cancer (i.e., cancer limited to the mucosa or superficial submucosa) was managed surgically; the gastroenterologist's role was primarily to diagnose the tumor.

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Introduction: Endoscopic evaluation with high-definition white light endoscopy and random 4-quadrant biopsy (Seattle Protocol) is the current standard of care for the detection of Barrett's esophagus (BE). Recently, enhanced imaging technologies have become available to provide real-time diagnosis of intestinal metaplasia (IM) and dysplasia, reducing the need for tissue biopsy. Probe-based confocal laser endomicroscopy (pCLE) provides dynamic microscopic mucosal views, rapidly capturing digital images that become optical biopsies.

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The well-regulated mechanisms of intestinal transit favor aboral movement of intestinal contents during the formation of normal stool. Electrical pacemakers initiate mechanical smooth muscular propulsion under regulation by the enteric nervous system-a function of the "brain-gut axis." Several unique intestinal motor patterns function in concert to enhance the activities of intestinal transit.

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Background:  For surveillance of Barrett's esophagus (BE), the current standard of random 4-quadrant biopsies misses 10 - 50 % of esophageal neoplasms, and does not permit real-time decision-making. Probe-based confocal laser endomicroscopy (pCLE) permits real-time in vivo histologic assessment of esophageal mucosa during upper endoscopy. Prospective studies comparing the accuracy of pCLE to 4-quadrant biopsies in routine clinical practice are lacking.

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Background: In otherwise healthy patients, randomized trials have shown reduced mortality with cholecystectomy (CCY) when compared to non-operative management after endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) for biliary stone disease. These findings may not apply to veterans with multiple comorbidities, who have an increased risk of postoperative complications.

Aims: Our study assessed the benefit of CCY among veterans with multiple comorbidities.

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Goals And Background: Two common endoscopic therapies for eradication of dysplastic Barrett's esophagus are radiofrequency ablation (RFA) and liquid nitrogen spray cryotherapy (LNC). There is no data comparing postprocedural pain. This study aimed to compare the incidence of postprocedural pain between the 2 ablation modalities.

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Background: Probe-based confocal laser endomicroscopy (pCLE) provides microscopic imaging during an endoscopic procedure. Its introduction as a standard modality in gastroenterology has brought significant progress in management strategies, affecting many aspects of clinical care and requiring standardisation of practice and training.

Objective: This study aimed to provide guidance on the standardisation of its practice and training in Barrett's oesophagus, biliary strictures, colorectal lesions and inflammatory bowel diseases.

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Background And Aims: There is growing evidence that genetic mutations/variants increase susceptibility to the development and progression of chronic pancreatitis (CP). Several mutations have been identified that have a direct and indirect role in events leading to CP. Mutations in the serine protease inhibitor, Kazal type-1 (SPINK-1) gene have been reported to lower the threshold for pancreatitis in the presence of other genetic or environmental factors.

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Background: Few options exist for patients with localized esophageal cancer ineligible for conventional therapies. Endoscopic spray cryotherapy with low-pressure liquid nitrogen has demonstrated efficacy in this setting in early studies.

Objective: To assess the safety and efficacy of cryotherapy in esophageal carcinoma.

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Background: Endoscopic ablation to treat Barrett's esophagus (BE) with high-grade dysplasia (HGD) is associated with a decreased incidence of esophageal adenocarcinoma. Endoscopic spray cryotherapy (CRYO) demonstrates promising preliminary data.

Objective: To assess the safety and efficacy of CRYO in BE with HGD.

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Background & Aims: Double balloon enteroscopy (DBE) was introduced into the US in 2004. Potential complications include perforation, pancreatitis, and gastrointestinal bleeding. Prevalence and risk factors for complications have not been described in a US population.

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Acute phosphate nephropathy is an accepted complication of the use of phosphate preparations in patients about to undergo colonoscopy. Age, renal failure, and the ongoing use of medications, such as angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and/or angiotensin-receptor blockers, are now recognized as risk factors for the development of phosphate nephropathy. The presence of any of these risk factors necessitates careful attention to avoiding excessive dehydration in the process of bowel cleansing.

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Background & Aims: The natural history of specific morphologic stages of chronic pancreatitis (CP) is not well defined. The aim of this study was to determine if worsening morphologic stages of CP are associated with poorer clinical outcomes.

Methods: A retrospective analysis of 159 subjects with CP was performed.

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Objectives: Despite the advances in pancreatic imaging, there continues to be a need to measure exocrine function to determine which patient requires enzyme supplementation. To evaluate the potential use of a rapid endoscopic test that can be conducted by nonacademic centers, we investigated whether concentration of trypsin in food-stimulated secretion is related to trypsin synthesis and secretion.

Methods: Subjects include 22 chronic pancreatitis patients (10 mild, 5 moderate, and 7 severe radiological disease) and 11 healthy controls.

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