Unravelling the natural history of localised prostate cancer in the post-prostate specific antigen era: implications for clinical management.

Background: Management of localised prostate cancer (PCa) remains controversial in the era of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing. This study aims to describe the natural history of men with PCa being followed up expectantly to evaluate disease mortality.

Methods: After exclusion, clinical data of 204 patients retrieved from a prospective large PCa registry were reviewed.

Immunological Hallmarks for Clinical Response to BCG in Bladder Cancer.

Intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) is an effective immunotherapy for non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). However, recurrence and progression remain frequent warranting deeper insights into its mechanism. We herein comprehensively profiled blood and tissues obtained from NMIBC patients before, during and after BCG treatment using cytometry by time-of-flight (CyTOF) and RNA sequencing to identify the key immune subsets crucial for anti-tumor activity.

Biomarkers for Precision Urothelial Carcinoma Diagnosis: Current Approaches and the Application of Single-Cell Technologies.

Urothelial carcinoma (UC) is the most frequent malignancy of the urinary system and is ranked the sixth most diagnosed cancer in men worldwide. Around 70-75% of newly diagnosed UC manifests as the non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) subtype, which can be treated by a transurethral resection of the tumor. However, patients require life-long monitoring due to its high rate of recurrence.