Metabolomics in Corneal Diseases: A Narrative Review from Clinical Aspects.

Corneal pathologies may have subtle manifestations in the initial stages, delaying diagnosis and timely treatment. This can lead to irreversible visual loss. Metabolomics is a rapidly developing field that allows the study of metabolites in a system, providing a complementary tool in the early diagnosis and management of corneal diseases.

In Vivo Confocal Microscopy Evaluation in Patients with Keratoconus.

Keratoconus is the most common primary corneal ectasia characterized by progressive focal thinning. Patients experience increased irregular astigmatism, decreased visual acuity and corneal sensitivity. Corneal collagen crosslinking (CXL), a minimally invasive procedure, is effective in halting disease progression.

Association between retinal thickness variation and visual acuity change in neovascular age-related macular degeneration.

Background: To assess the association between variation in retinal central subfield thickness (CSFT) with best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) change in patients receiving vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) inhibitor therapy for neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD).

Methods: CSFT measurements were obtained from 141 eyes (total 1300 scans). SD of CSFT was calculated.

Correction: Design, implementation, and evaluation of a nurse-led intravitreal injection programme for retinal diseases in Singapore.

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

Design, implementation, and evaluation of a nurse-led intravitreal injection programme for retinal diseases in Singapore.

Background: To describe the design, implementation, and evaluation of a nurse-led intravitreal injection (NL-IVT) programme in a Singapore tertiary eye hospital.

Methods: Patients requiring anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) IVT were recruited. Implementation and evaluation were done in the Singapore National Eye Centre, a tertiary centre.

Retinal Vascular Signs and Cerebrovascular Diseases.

Background: Cerebrovascular disease (CeVD), including stroke, is a leading cause of death globally. The retina is an extension of the cerebrum, sharing embryological and vascular pathways. The association between different retinal signs and CeVD has been extensively evaluated.