Human papillomavirus, Epstein-Barr virus, and Candida albicans co-infection in oral leukoplakia with different degrees of dysplasia.

Objectives: To identify human papillomavirus (HPV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), and Candida albicans in oral leukoplakia with different degrees of dysplasia.

Materials And Methods: An observational, cross-sectional, descriptive study was performed using 30 formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissues from patients with clinical suspicion of leukoplakia and confirmed diagnosis of oral dysplasia. Histological analyses were performed by two pathologists (interobserver) and dysplasias were classified as mild, moderate, or severe.