A CAR RNA FISH assay to study functional and spatial heterogeneity of chimeric antigen receptor T cells in tissue.

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells are engineered cells used in cancer therapy and are studied to treat infectious diseases. Trafficking and persistence of CAR T cells is an important requirement for efficacy to target cancer. Here, we describe a CAR RNA FISH histo-cytometry platform combined with a random reaction seed image analysis algorithm to quantitate spatial distribution and in vivo functional activity of a CAR T cell population at a single cell resolution for preclinical models.

CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing of hepatitis B virus in chronically infected humanized mice.

Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major public health problem. New treatment approaches are needed because current treatments do not target covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA), the template for HBV replication, and rarely clear the virus. We harnessed adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors and CRISPR- ()Cas9 to edit the HBV genome in liver-humanized FRG mice chronically infected with HBV and receiving entecavir.

Random-Reaction-Seed Method for Automated Identification of Neurite Elongation and Branching.

Conventional deterministic algorithms (i.e., skeletonization and edge-detection) lack robustness and sensitivity to reliably detect the neurite elongation and branching of low signal-to-noise-ratio microscopy images.

Keratinocytes produce IL-17c to protect peripheral nervous systems during human HSV-2 reactivation.

Despite frequent herpes simplex virus (HSV) reactivation, peripheral nerve destruction and sensory anesthesia are rare. We discovered that skin biopsies obtained during asymptomatic human HSV-2 reactivation exhibit a higher density of nerve fibers relative to biopsies during virological and clinical quiescence. We evaluated the effects of HSV infection on keratinocytes, the initial target of HSV replication, to better understand this observation.

Nanoscale footprints of self-running gallium droplets on GaAs surface.

In this work, the nanoscale footprints of self-driven liquid gallium droplet movement on a GaAs (001) surface will be presented and analyzed. The nanoscale footprints of a primary droplet trail and ordered secondary droplets along primary droplet trails are observed on the GaAs surface. A well ordered nanoterrace from the trail is left behind by a running droplet.

On the secondary droplets of self-running gallium droplets on GaAs surface.

Self-running droplets by thermal evaporation GaAs (001) surface are studied and analyzed using a scanning electron microscope. The sample is prepared under high-temperature annealing in an ultrahigh vacuum molecular beam epitaxy system. Particularly, secondary droplets which formed along primary droplet running trails are investigated.

Intersublevel infrared photodetector with strain-free GaAs quantum dot pairs grown by high-temperature droplet epitaxy.

Normal incident photodetection at mid infrared spectral region is achieved using the intersublevel transitions from strain-free GaAs quantum dot pairs in Al(0.3)Ga(0.7)As matrix.