Perioperative, Oncological, and Functional Outcomes Between Robot-Assisted Laparoscopic Prostatectomy and Open Radical Retropubic Prostatectomy: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Purpose: Limited high-quality studies have compared robot-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy (RALP) vs open retropubic radical prostatectomy. We sought to compare their postoperative outcomes in a randomized setting.

Materials And Methods: In a single center, 354 men with newly diagnosed prostate cancer were assessed for eligibility; 342 were randomized (1:1).

"Non-metastatic, Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer: Diagnostic and Treatment Recommendations by an Expert Panel from Brazil".

Introduction: Non-metastatic, castration-resistant prostate cancer (nmCRPC) is an important clinical stage of prostate cancer, prior to morbidity and mortality from clinical metastases. In particular, the introduction of novel androgen-receptor signaling inhibitors (ARSi) has changed the therapeutic landscape in nmCRPC. Given recent developments in this field, we update our recommendations for the management of nmCRPC.

Holmium Laser Resection of Large Bladder Tumors: Technique Description, Feasibility, and Histopathological Quality Analysis.

Background: The HoLERBT (Holmium Laser En-bloc Resection of Bladder Tumors) has emerged as an alternative to classical TURBT (Transurethral Resection of Bladder Tumor). Recent randomized trial and meta-analysis corroborate with the benefits in pathological analysis, perioperative and long-term oncological outcomes. However, the treatment of large tumors and the technique of extraction from the bladder is a problem to be overcome.

Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio Predicts Cancer Outcome in Locally Advanced Clear Renal Cell Carcinoma.

Background: To evaluate the association of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) with recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) in patients with locally advanced nonmetastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) undergoing radical nephrectomy.

Material And Methods: We retrospectively identified 880 nephrectomies performed between January 2009 and December 2016 in a single center, reviewed data from 478 radical nephrectomies for kidney tumors and identified 187 patients with locally advanced nonmetastatic ccRCC (pT3-T4 N0M0). NLR was obtained preoperatively and calculated by dividing absolute neutrophil count by absolute lymphocyte count.

Consensus on Screening, Diagnosis, and Staging Tools for Prostate Cancer in Developing Countries: A Report From the First Prostate Cancer Consensus Conference for Developing Countries (PCCCDC).

Purpose: To generate and present the survey results on critical issues relevant to screening, diagnosis, and staging tools for prostate cancer (PCa) focused on developing countries.

Methods: A total of 36 of 300 questions concern the main areas of interest of this paper: (1) screening, (2) diagnosis, and (3) staging for various risk levels of PCa in developing countries. A panel of 99 international multidisciplinary cancer experts voted on these questions to create recommendations for screening, diagnosing, and staging tools for PCa in areas of limited resources discussed in this manuscript.

Consensus on Prostate Cancer Treatment of Localized Disease With Very Low, Low, and Intermediate Risk: A Report From the First Prostate Cancer Consensus Conference for Developing Countries (PCCCDC).

Purpose: A group of international urology and medical oncology experts developed and completed a survey on prostate cancer (PCa) in developing countries. The results are reviewed and summarized, and recommendations on consensus statements for very low-, low-, and intermediate-risk PCa focused on developing countries were developed.

Methods: A panel of experts developed more than 300 survey questions of which 66 questions concern the principal areas of interest of this paper: very low, low, and intermediate risk of PCa in developing countries.

Extended Versus Limited Pelvic Lymph Node Dissection During Radical Prostatectomy for Intermediate- and High-risk Prostate Cancer: Early Oncological Outcomes from a Randomized Phase 3 Trial.

Background: The role of extended pelvic lymph node dissection (EPLND) in the surgical management of prostate cancer (PCa) patients remains controversial, mainly because of a lack of randomized controlled trials (RCTs).

Objective: To determine whether EPLND has better oncological outcomes than limited PLND (LPLND.

Design, Setting And Participants: This was a prospective, single-center phase 3 trial in patients with intermediate- or high-risk clinically localized PCa.

Robotic-assisted radical cystectomy: the first multicentric Brazilian experience.

The objective of this study is to report the first multicentric Brazilian series and learning curve of robotic radical cystectomy (RARC) with related intra- and postoperative outcomes. We retrospectively analyzed 37 RARC prospectively collected at four different centers in Brazil, from 2013 to 2019. We analyzed the patient's demographics, pathological tumor, and nodal status, as well as intra- and postoperative outcomes.

Oncologic Outcomes in Young Adults With Kidney Cancer Treated During the Targeted Therapy Era.

Background: The objective of this study was to determine the outcomes of young adults with kidney cancer treated during the targeted therapy era and evaluate the impact of young age on survival.

Materials And Methods: We reviewed the records from 445 patients younger than 55 years with kidney cancer at a single institution from 2006 to 2017. Overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival were estimated with the Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank test.

The Moreau Strain of Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) for High-Risk Non-Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer: An Alternative during Worldwide BCG Shortage?

Background: Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) is the standard of care for adjuvant intravesical instillation therapy for intermediate- and high-risk non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) after complete transurethral resection. Increasing evidence suggests that there are marked differences in outcomes according to BCG substrains. BCG-Moreau was recently introduced to the European market to cover the issue of BCG shortage, but there are little data regarding the oncologic efficacy.

Plasmacytoid urothelial carcinoma: a case of histological variant of urinary bladder cancer with aggressive behavior.

Plasmocytoid variant urothelial carcinoma (PVUC) of the urinary bladder is a rare histological variant of transitional cell carcinoma. Data regarding PVUC shows that this neoplasia presents a distinctive clinical outcome represented by aggressive behavior and poor survival rate. The authors report a case of a 57-year-old male patient with a 3-month history of hematuria and pelvic pain.

Organ-sparing microsurgical resection of incidental testicular tumors plus microdissection for sperm extraction and cryopreservation in azoospermic patients: surgical aspects and technical refinements.

Introduction: The management of nonpalpable testicular masses is a challenging task, and coexisting infertility can further complicate the treatment decisions. We present our technique for microsurgical organ-sparing resection of incidental nonpalpable testicular nodules combined with microdissection for testicular sperm extraction and tissue cryopreservation in azoospermic patients.

Technical Considerations: Five infertile patients with azoospermia presented with nonpalpable hypoechoic testicular masses that were detected by ultrasonography and underwent organ-sparing surgery.

Benign glandular inclusion in obturator lymph node of a man treated for prostate carcinoma.

Benign glandular inclusions in lymph nodes are extremely rare in men. Their identification is essential because it changes dramatically the prognosis and therapy of neoplasms. Described herein is the first case of benign glandular inclusion in an obturator lymph node dissected during a radical prostatectomy for treatment of prostate adenocarcinoma.

Microvascular tumour invasion in renal cell carcinoma: the most important prognostic factor.

Objective: To evaluate the role of microvascular invasion (MVI) in the primary lesion for predicting tumour behaviour in patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC), as reliable clinical prognostic factors would be very valuable.

Patients And Methods: MVI was assessed in 230 patients with clinically localized RCC (stages T1-4NxM0) who had a radical nephrectomy and/or nephron-sparing surgery. The median (range) follow-up was 48 (3-130) months.

Differentially expressed genes in the prostate cancer cell line LNCaP after exposure to androgen and anti-androgen.

Androgens play an important role in growth and maintenance of prostate cells. The actions of androgens are mediated by the androgen receptor (AR), a transcription factor member of the super-family of nuclear hormone receptors. Androgen regulated genes (ARGs) are potential markers for early diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer patients.

Double-barreled wet colostomy is a safe option for simultaneous urinary and fecal diversion. Analysis of 56 procedures from a single institution.

Background And Objectives: Wide pelvic tumors need urinary and fecal diversion. We set out to assess the efficacy of the double-barreled wet colostomy (DBWC) in patients undergoing simultaneous double diversion.

Material And Methods: We reviewed 56 consecutive patients submitted to surgery, divided into two groups: (1) total pelvic exenteration plus DBWC (n = 26); (2) DBWC without simultaneous pelvic resection (n = 30).

The transcripts of SFRP1,CEP63 and EIF4G2 genes are frequently downregulated in transitional cell carcinomas of the bladder.

Objective: The aim of the present study was to identify differentially expressed genes that might be associated with the phenotype of superficial and invasive bladder cancer.

Methods: Differential display reverse transcriptase PCR (DDRT-PCR) was used to compare the expression pattern between normal bladder tissue and 4 groups of transitional cell carcinomas of the bladder regarding clinical stage and grade.

Results: We were able to identify 72 different transcripts, of which 57 (79%) showed homology to known genes, 12 (17%) to hypothetical proteins and 3 (4%) to human expressed sequence tags.

Treatment of patients with superficial bladder cancer stratified by risk groups treated with lyophilized Moreau-Rio de Janeiro BCG strain.

Introduction: The Moreau-Rio de Janeiro BCG strain is considered the most effective to stimulate immunologic activity in mice. The objective of this prospective study was to evaluate BCG results for patients with superficial bladder cancer stratified by risk groups.

Material And Methods: From April 1988 to May 2000, 100 patients were treated by transurethral resection for bladder tumor, followed by intravesical instillation of 40 mg BCG, with induction and maintenance cycles.

Cell surface expression of the stress response chaperone GRP78 enables tumor targeting by circulating ligands.

We have recently identified glucose-regulated protein-78 (GRP78) as a relevant molecular target expressed in metastatic tumors by fingerprinting the circulating repertoire of antibodies from cancer patients. Here we design and evaluate a ligand-receptor system based on the tumor cell membrane expression of GRP78. We show that GRP78 binding peptide motifs target tumor cells specifically in vivo and in human cancer specimens ex vivo.

Androgen receptor CAG repeat polymorphism in prostate cancer from a Brazilian population.

Shorter CAG repeats in the androgen receptor (AR) gene have been associated with increased prostate cancer risk. Aiming to investigate whether the AR CAG polymorphism is associated with an increased relative risk for prostate cancer in our population, genomic DNA from 133 prostate cancer patients and 279 healthy men controls were examined. We found no association between the AR CAG polymorphism and the relative risk of prostate cancer in white Brazilian individuals with a CAG repeat length View Article and Find Full Text PDF