Predicting Risk of Severe Toxicity and Early Death in Older Adult Patients Treated with Chemotherapy.

Background: Determining the risk of grade 3-5 toxicity and early death (ED) is important to plan chemotherapy in older adult patients with cancer. Our objective was to identify factors predicting these complications at the time of treatment initiation.

Methods: 234 patients aged ≥70 were subjected to a geriatric assessment and variables related to the tumor and the treatment were also collected.

Proteomics Characterization of Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma.

Purpose: To explore the tumor proteome of patients diagnosed with localized clear cell renal cancer (ccRCC) and treated with surgery.

Material And Methods: A total of 165 FFPE tumor samples from patients diagnosed with ccRCC were analyzed using DIA-proteomics. Proteomics ccRCC subtypes were defined using a consensus cluster algorithm (CCA) and characterized by a functional approach using probabilistic graphical models and survival analyses.

MiRNAs in renal cell carcinoma.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small RNA sequences that act as post-transcriptional regulatory genes to control many cellular processes through pairing bases with a complementary messenger RNA (mRNA). A single miRNA molecule can regulate more than 200 different transcripts and the same mRNA can be regulated by multiple miRNAs. In this review, we highlight the importance of miRNAs and collect the existing evidence on their relationship with kidney cancer.

The effect of neoadjuvant chemotherapy among patients undergoing radical cystectomy for variant histology bladder cancer: A systematic review.

Objective: To systematically review the evidence about the effect of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) for muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) with pure urothelial carcinoma (pUC) in radical cystectomy (RC) candidates affected by variant histology (VH) bladder cancer.

Methods: A review of the current literature was conducted through the Medline and National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) PubMed, Scopus databases in May 2020. The updated Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines were followed for this systematic review.

Measures to evaluate quality of care in renal cancer: results of a Delphi study in Spain.

Purpose: To review current measures for renal cancer care and develop a comprehensive and updated list of measures for their practical use in Spain.

Methods: The study was developed by Fundación ECO, a Spanish foundation aiming to improve oncology quality of care. A systematic literature review was carried out to identify measures and knowledge gaps.

Impact on clinical practice of the implementation of guidelines for the toxicity management of targeted therapies in kidney cancer. The protect-2 study.

Background: The impact of such recommendations after their implementation of guidelines has not usually been evaluated. Herein, we assessed the impact and compliance with the Spanish Oncology Genitourinary Group (SOGUG) Guidelines for toxicity management of targeted therapies in metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) in daily clinical practice.

Methods: Data on 407 mRCC patients who initiated first-line targeted therapy during the year before and the year after publication and implementation of the SOGUG guideline program were available from 34 Spanish Hospitals.

Comparison of gene expression profiling by reverse transcription quantitative PCR between fresh frozen and formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded breast cancer tissues.

Recent reports demonstrate the feasibility of quantifying gene expression by using RNA isolated from blocks of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tumor tissue. The development of molecular tests for clinical use based on archival materials would be of great utility in the search for and validation of important genes or gene expression profiles. In this study, we compared the performance of different normalization strategies in the correlation of quantitative data between fresh frozen (FF) and FFPE samples and analyzed the parameters that characterize such correlation for each gene.

Role of anti-Her-2 therapy in bladder carcinoma.

Bladder cancer, in its advanced stage, has very few therapeutic strategies with proven efficacy. Platinum-combination chemotherapy can be considered a standard for first-line therapy, but after progression there is no standard therapy, and the prognosis is very poor. The development of targeted therapies in the last few years has significantly changed the prognosis of a wide variety of tumors.

mTOR pathway inhibition in renal cell carcinoma.

Renal cell carcinoma therapy has changed in a very significant way in the last few years. Up to 5 new agents have been developed, improving the results previously achieved with cytokine therapy. Bevacizumab, sorafenib, sunitinib, temsirolimus, and everolimus are now part of the therapeutic arsenal for this illness.

Intra-abdominal desmoplastic small round cell tumour in a 39-year-old man.

Desmoplastic small round cell tumor is a very rare neoplasm, that usually appears in children and young adolescents. There is no standard therapy, and responses to chemotherapy are infrequent. Surgery is still the main treatment for this disease.

Adjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer and cognitive impairment.

Complaints of loss of memory and lack of concentration have been reported by long-term survivors of breast cancer. This mild cognitive impairment (MCI), also called "chemobrain" or "chemofog," has been the subject of a number of studies in the last few years. This cognitive impairment, although usually mild, must be studied to define possible risk factors for its development, and for future research into a preventive or therapeutic treatment approach.

Comparison of prognostic gene profiles using qRT-PCR in paraffin samples: a retrospective study in patients with early breast cancer.

Introduction: Gene profiling may improve prognostic accuracy in patients with early breast cancer, but this technology is not widely available. We used commercial assays for qRT-PCR to assess the performance of the gene profiles included in the 70-Gene Signature, the Recurrence Score and the Two-Gene Ratio.

Methods: 153 patients with early breast cancer and a minimum follow-up of 5 years were included.

Colony-stimulating factors: clinical evidence for treatment and prophylaxis of chemotherapy-induced febrile neutropenia.

The hematopoietic growth factors (HGFs) are a family of glycoproteins which plays a major role in the proliferation, differentiation, and survival of primitive hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells, and in the functions of some mature cells. More than 20 different molecules of HGF have been identified. Among them, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) have been demostrated to be effective in reducing the incidence of febrile neutropenia when administered inmediately after chemotherapy and as supportive therapy in patients undergoing bone marrow transplantation.

Sedation in clinical oncology.

The clinical status of terminal cancer patients is very complex and is affected by several severe symptoms, of extended duration, changing with time and of multifactorial origin. When there are no reasonable cancer treatments specifically able to modify the natural history of the disease, symptom control acquires priority and favours the possible better adaptation to the general inexorable deterioration related to the neoplasic progression. Despite the important advances in Palliative Medicine, symptoms are frequently observed that are intolerable for the patient and which do not respond to usual palliative measures.