The Quest for Palladium-Catalysed Alkyl-Nitrogen Bond Formation.

Our interest in the development of transition-metal catalysis for the realisation of vicinal diamination reactions of alkenes started about a decade ago. A number of successful transformations in this area have been developed using palladium catalysis. As a challenging aspect of major importance, the palladium-catalysed coupling of alkyl-nitrogen bonds constitutes the second step in diaminations of alkenes.

Regioselective Intermolecular Diamination and Aminooxygenation of Alkenes with Saccharin.

Palladium catalysis enables the regioselective difunctionalization of alkenes using saccharin as the nitrogen source in the initial step of aminopalladation. Depending on the reaction conditions, diamination or aminooxygenation pathways can be accessed using hypervalent iodine reagents as the terminal oxidants. The aminooxygenation of allylic ethers originates from an unprecedented ambident behavior of saccharin.

Metal-free iodine(III)-promoted direct intermolecular C-H amination reactions of acetylenes.

A direct metal-free amination of arylalkynes has been developed, which proceeds by reaction of the terminal alkyne with the hypervalent iodine reagent PhI(OAc)NTs(2) within a single-step operation. This unprecedented intermolecular C-H to C-N bond conversion provides rapid access to the important class of ynamides. In addition to the title reaction, the related transformation between alkylated alkynes and the iodine(III) reagent is also discussed.

Iodine(III)-promoted intermolecular diamination of alkenes.

A rapid and productive vicinal diamination of alkenes takes place in the presence of a hypervalent iodine(III) reagent and bissulfonimides as nitrogen sources. A total of more than 60 examples are presented. The reaction is characterized by its robustness and its wide substrate scope: it proceeds selectively with both terminal and internal alkenes and tolerates a range of functional groups.

Platinum-catalysed aerobic 1,2-aminooxygenation of alkenes.

Platinum(II) salts in combination with copper salts and molecular oxygen catalyse an unprecedented intramolecular transfer of heteroatoms to alkenes to yield aminooxygenation products under sustainable conditions.

Oxidative interception of the hydroamination pathway: a gold-catalyzed diamination of alkenes.

A complimentary diamination of alkenes by using homogeneous gold catalysts is described. The reaction is one of very few examples of homogeneous gold oxidation catalysis and proceeds with high selectivity under mild conditions. Individual steps of the suggested catalytic cycle were investigated on isolated model gold complexes, and new pathways for gold-catalyzed amination reactions were established.

[Adequacy of pharmaceutical prescriptions in a neonatal intensive care unit].

Introduction: The employment of medicaments in children is complicated, so much more minor all that is the patient and if it is deposited in special units. We try to describe their use in a neonatal intensive care unit, to verify their adequacy with regard to the current guides and the reasons of the wrong prescriptions.

Material And Methods: A market study was realized for one year.

Procalcitonin is not sufficiently reliable to be the sole marker of neonatal sepsis of nosocomial origin.

Background: It has recently been suggested that serum procalcitonin (PCT) is of value in the diagnosis of neonatal sepsis, with varying results. The aim of this prospective multicenter study was to assess the usefulness of PCT as a marker of neonatal sepsis of nosocomial origin.

Methods: One hundred infants aged between 4 and 28 days of life admitted to the Neonatology Services of 13 acute-care teaching hospitals in Spain over 1-year with clinical suspicion of neonatal sepsis of nosocomial origin were included in the study.

Some microsatellites may act as novel polymorphic cis-regulatory elements through transcription factor binding.

Although microsatellites with functional effects have been described, generally, these repeats are considered as "junk" DNA in the same way as other repetitive sequences. Our aim was to investigate if certain microsatellites can have a functional role as cis-regulatory elements. A database was created of all short tandem repeats, from 2 to 10 bases, located in the first 10-kb 5' of the transcription start sites of all annotated genes of the human genome.

[Potential impact and cost-efficacy of bronchiolitis prophylaxis with palivizumab in preterm infants with a gestational age of less than 33 weeks].

Introduction: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the main cause of bronchiolitis in children aged less than 2 years. The effectiveness of palivizumab has recently been reported in several clinical trials.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the hypothetical impact of a treatment strategy using palivizumab for the prevention of bronchiolitis in premature infants.

[Epidemiological study of nocturnal enuresis: analysis of associated factors].

Objective: The purpose of this study was to analyze the different pathogenic factors in a large population of children.

Patients And Methods: A transverse epidemiological study was performed. Schoolchildren in the province of Leon between 6 and 10 years of age were studied during the 1991-1992 academic year.

[An epidemiological analysis of the sequence of bladder control and nocturnal enuresis prevalence in the children of the province of León].

The objective of this study was to better understand the development of nocturnal bladder control in our population of children and to analyze the different factors that influence this process. A transversal epidemiological study in a randomly chosen sample of schoolchildren, between the ages of 6 and 10 years, in the province of Leon was performed. The study was carried out by means of an anonymous survey given to the children's parents through the school center.