Effect of Flowering Period on Drone Reproductive Parameters ( L.).

Insufficient protein intake during the larval phase of drones affects the development of reproductive organs and spermatogenesis. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of the flowering-scarcity and flowering-onset periods on the eversion of the copulatory apparatus, ejaculation, and sperm quality of drones ( L.).

Sperm flagellum volume determines freezability in red deer spermatozoa.

The factors affecting the inter-individual differences in sperm freezability is a major line of research in spermatology. Poor sperm freezability is mainly characterised by a low sperm velocity, which in turn is associated with low fertility rates in most animal species. Studies concerning the implications of sperm morphometry on freezability are quite limited, and most of them are based on sperm head size regardless of the structural parts of the flagellum, which provides sperm motility.

Improving the effect of incubation and oxidative stress on thawed spermatozoa from red deer by using different antioxidant treatments.

Antioxidants could improve sperm media, extending the viability of spermatozoa and protecting their DNA. The protective ability of lipoic acid, melatonin, Trolox and crocin was tested on red deer spermatozoa incubated at 37 degrees C. Cryopreserved spermatozoa were thawed and incubated with 1 mM or 0.