Immunomodulatory therapy for the management of critically ill patients with COVID-19: A narrative review.

Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the causative agent of the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Understanding the physiological and immunological processes underlying the clinical manifestations of COVID-19 is vital for the identification and rational design of effective therapies.

Aim: To describe the interaction of SARS-CoV-2 with the immune system and the subsequent contribution of hyperinflammation and abnormal immune responses to disease progression together with a complete narrative review of the different immunoadjuvant treatments used so far in COVID-19 and their indication in severe and life-threatening subsets.

Medication errors and risk areas in a critical care unit.

Aims: The aim of this study was to identify the main medication errors, their causality and the highest risk areas in critical care.

Design: A descriptive, longitudinal and retrospective study.

Methods: We performed a systematic analysis of the prescription, transcription and administration records of 2,634 dose units of medications that were administered to a total of 87 critically ill patients during 2018.