Evaluating the metformin use on type 2 diabetes prevention in high-risk populations in primary care.

Purpose/background: To identify the proportion of patients with prediabetes who have prescribed metformin and factors related to doing so as a preventive measure for diabetes in primary care at a Family Medicine Unit in northeastern Mexico.

Methods: This retrospective observational study included 372 adults who met the criteria for prediabetes diagnosis according to the American Diabetes Association. Data was collected from medical records from January 2020 to December 2021.

Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Patients with Testicular Cancer: A Systematic Review.

Germ cell tumors (GCTs) are chemosensitive neoplasms with high cure rates; however, a small group of patients present tumors with refractory chemotherapy, with a dismal prognosis and few effective management options. Although immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are approved for use in chemotherapy refractory GCT, the evidence supporting this indication remains scarce. Original research studies were included on patients with GCTs refractory to chemotherapy treated with ICI up to December 2023.

Clinical scores for acute appendicitis in adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis of diagnostic accuracy studies.

Introduction: Early diagnosis of acute appendicitis is crucial to prevent complications. Numerous scores exist, but a comprehensive review comparing them is lacking. This systematic review aimed to compare all published clinical scoring systems for diagnosing acute appendicitis in adults.

[Frequency and perception of gender violence in primary care].

Background: Gender-based violence (GBV) is a widely underestimated issue in middle-income countries. Despite the fact that there is documented evidence of its existence, it is unknown the frequency and perception of GBV in primary care. Understanding this is crucial for the development of intervention strategies that can mitigate the impact of GBV in these communities.

The conundrum of differentiating Cushing's syndrome from non-neoplastic hypercortisolism: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Context: Once hypercortisolemia is confirmed, differential diagnosis between Cushing's syndrome (CS) due to neoplastic endogenous hypercortisolism and non-neoplastic hypercortisolism (NNH, pseudo-Cushing's syndrome) is crucial. Due to worldwide corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) unavailability, accuracy of alternative tests to dexamethasone (Dex)-CRH, is clearly needed.

Objective: Assess the diagnostic accuracy of Dex-CRH test, desmopressin stimulation test, midnight serum cortisol (MSC), and late-night salivary cortisol (LNSC) levels to distinguish CS from NNH.

Interventions to improve symptomatology in patients with hypothyroidism and persistent symptoms: A systematic review.

Background: Levothyroxine (LT4) monotherapy is the standard treatment for hypothyroidism; however, 10-15% of patients have persistent hypothyroid symptoms despite normalizing thyroid hormone levels with LT4. This study aims to summarize the best available evidence on interventions to improve symptomatology in patients with hypothyroidism and persistent symptoms.

Methods: A systematic search was conducted in March 2022 for randomized controlled trials and observational studies on interventions for adult patients with persistent hypothyroid symptoms despite biochemical euthyroidism on thyroid hormone replacement.

Atorvastatin before percutaneous coronary intervention: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Atorvastatin is widely recommended for long-term secondary prevention in STEMI patients with no contraindication. Although high-dose atorvastatin has been shown to reduce important patient outcomes such as MACE, there is still doubt that high-dose atorvastatin could have the same protective effect in patients undergoing PCI in the short and long term. We searched the following electronic databases: Scopus, Web of Science, MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Central considering studies that enrolled adult patients with a confirmed diagnosis of STEMI or NSTEMI undergoing PCI.

Screws versus plate with screws for osteosynthesis of the posterior malleolus: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Introduction: fractures involving the posterior malleolus (PM) of the ankle can have significant functional and clinical implications if not properly treated. The optimal treatment approach for these fractures remains uncertain. This review aims to compare the use of cannulated screws versus plate with screw fixation in terms of their impact on the development of postoperative ankle osteoarthritis and functional outcomes in patients with PM fractures.

[Correlation between consultation time and patient´s satisfaction in primary care].

Background: It is important to understand how consultation time relates to patient satisfaction, as these two variables have not been extensively studied together.

Objective: To determine the correlation between consultation time and patient satisfaction in primary care settings in Mexico.

Materials And Methods: Cross-sectional, observational, and analytical study that included patients over 18 years old.

The impact of health and wellness coaching on patient-important outcomes in chronic illness care: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Health and Wellness Coaching (HWC) may be beneficial in chronic condition care. We sought to appraise its effectiveness on quality of life (QoL), self-efficacy (SE), depression, and anxiety.

Methods: We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and Cochrane CENTRAL for randomized trials published January 2005 - March 2023 that compared HWC to standard clinical care or another intervention without coaching.

Rotator Interval vs Posterior Approach Ultrasound-guided Corticosteroid Injections in Primary Frozen Shoulder: A Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Objective: To compare the efficacy of rotator interval (RI) vs posterior approach (PA) ultrasound (US) guided corticosteroid injections into the glenohumeral (GH) joint in primary frozen shoulder (PFS).

Data Sources: A systematic literature search for all relevant studies on Medline, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Central, up to January 2023 was conducted.

Study Selection: Randomized controlled trials that directly compared the US-guided corticosteroid injection into the RI and GH joint using PA in patients clinically and radiographically diagnosed with PFS.

[Impact of electronic devices used at an early age on language].

Background: The acquisition of language in infants is largely the result of the process of brain maturation, as well as environmental stimulation. Currently, society is in an era of technology and use of electronic devices from an early age.

Objective: The aim of this study was to demonstrate if the amount of time of use of electronic devices in children under 5 years of age affects language development.

Gallbladder perforation with fistulous communication.

Background: The management of gallbladder perforation (GBP) with fistulous communication (Neimeier type I) is controversial.

Aim: To recommend management options for GBP with fistulous communication.

Methods: A systematic review of studies describing the management of Neimeier type I GBP was performed according to the PRISMA guidelines.

Fetal-type posterior cerebral artery and association of rupture in posterior communicating artery aneurysms: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: The morbidity and mortality of intracranial aneurysm rupture motivate the risk evaluation of the patient´s characteristics and aneurysm's morphology. Brain vessel variants lead to hemodynamic changes that could increase risk. This study aims to evaluate the fetal posterior cerebral artery (fPCA) as a risk factor for the formation, rupture, and recurrence of the posterior communicating artery (PComA) aneurysm.

Patient-important outcomes in clinical trials of atopic diseases and asthma in the last decade: A systematic review.

Background: Randomized Clinical Trials (RCTs) are important tools to establish the effects of a given intervention. Investigators should focus on outcomes that patients perceive: patient-important outcomes (PIOs), clinical endpoints that patients value directly and reflect how they feel, function, or survive. However, it is easier to consider surrogated outcomes to reduce costs and achieve better-looking results.

Insulin resistance in bipolar disorder: A systematic review of illness course and clinical correlates.

Background: Although insulin resistance (IR) and cardiometabolic syndrome are prevalent in patients with bipolar disorder (BD), only a few studies have attempted to precisely assess the degree and clinical impact of IR in BD.

Methods: A comprehensive search was conducted from multiple research databases through May 2022, following a pre-defined protocol (PROSPERO: CRD42022359259). We extracted neuroimaging, cognition, illness course, and treatment response findings from individuals with BD with evidence of IR compared with euglycemic BD individuals.

Incidence of Cerebral Palsy, Risk Factors, and Neuroimaging in Northeast Mexico.

Background: Cerebral palsy (CP) comprises a group of lifelong motor and postural development disorders that can cause static motor encephalopathy. The etiology of CP is attributed to nonprogressive lesions of the central nervous system during fetal or infant brain development. A diagnosis of CP is based on a combination of clinical and neurological signs, typically identified between 12 and 24 months.