The Spanish Scientific Societies before the ESC 2021 guidelines on vascular disease prevention: Generalizing the measurement of albuminuria to identify vascular risk and prevent vascular disease.

The 2021 guidelines on the prevention of vascular disease (VD) in clinical practice published by the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and supported by 13 other European scientific societies recognize the key role of screening for chronic kidney disease (CKD) in the prevention of VD. Vascular risk in CKD is categorized based on measurements of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and urine albumin to creatinine ratio (ACR). Thus, moderate CKD is associated with a high vascular risk and severe CKD with a very high vascular risk requiring therapeutic action, and there is no need to apply other vascular risk scores when vascular risk is already very high due to CKD.

Robotic versus Laparoscopic Partial Nephrectomy in the New Era: Systematic Review.

(1) Background: In recent years there have been advances in imaging techniques, in addition to progress in the surgery of renal tumors directed towards minimally invasive techniques. Thus, nephron-sparing surgery has become the gold standard for the treatment of T1 renal masses. The aim of this study is to investigate the benefits of robotic partial nephrectomy in comparison with laparoscopic nephrectomy.

Renal Failure Management in Patients with Metastatic Renal Cancer Receiving Nivolumab: Evaluation from Two Points of View.

Introduction: Immunotherapy is recommended as category 1 in first-line treatment in metastatic renal cancer (mRC), however the evidence on the management of toxicities in patients with chronic renal failure is limited. Description of the Cases: Case 1: Patient with mRC and renal failure on hemodialysis. After 25 months of treatment with Nivolumab, he presented a partial response, without toxicities.

The impact of psychiatric pathology on the prognosis and survival of men with prostate cancer undergoing radical prostatectomy.

Introduction And Objective: Cancer-specific anxiety is the most frequently reported psychological response after radical prostatectomy (RP). We evaluated the prevalence of pretreatment psychiatric pathology in patients with prostate cancer undergoing RP and identified the effects of psychiatric diagnoses on their survival and prognosis.

Material And Methods: Retrospective multicenter observational study including 1078 men treated with RP for organ-confined prostate cancer.

[Living-donor renal transplant. State of the art.].

Living donor kidney transplantation is the best therapeutic option in a patient with end-stage renal failure, because it provides excellent functionality and graft survival. Laparoscopic living donor nephrectomyis the gold-standard for obtaining the graft. In exper thands, different minimally invasive surgeries can be offered with the main advantage of improving the a esthetic results.

Renal angiomyolipoma and tuberous sclerosis complex: long-term safety and efficacy outcomes of Everolimus therapy.

Introduction: Renal angiomyolipoma is a frequent manifestation of Tuberous Sclerosis Complex (TSC), for which everolimus therapy has been recently established as a novel non-invasive therapeutic option. As there are limited real life and long-term data, the analysis of our experience provides added value in terms of safety and efficacy.

Material And Methods: Descriptive analysis of our experience in patients with giant bilateral renal angiomyolipomas, in the context of TSC, treated with 10 mg oral everolimus daily, during a median of 71.

Pharmacological venous thromboembolism prophylaxis in radical prostatectomy.

Background And Aim: Pulmonary thromboembolism is one of the most common causes of non-surgical death in patients following urological abdominopelvic surgery. Since the beginning of prophylaxis for venous thromboembolic disease, episodes of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary thromboembolism have decreased. Our objective is to analyse the prognosis factors of thromboembolic disease, the clinical variability in the use of pharmacological prophylaxis and the results of its application.

Current status of radiological protection in endourological procedures in Spain.

Objective: To discover the extent of training in radiological protection (RP) of Spanish urologists who perform endourological procedures, and to analyse the use of on ionising radiation control and protection measures.

Material And Methods: A survey conducted through the Plataforma de Investigación de Estudios Multicéntricos (PIEM) (Multicentre Study Research Platform) on the 1,894 associates of the Spanish Association of Urology, between April and October 2015. The questionnaire comprised 21 questions on endourological activity undertaken, RP training, and the use of protective measures, and personal dosimetry.

[Laparoscopic ureteral reimplantation in the treatment of urinary tract complications after renal transplantation.].

Objectives: Laparoscopic ureteral reconstructive surgery is routinely performed , because it demonstrated efficacy and safety profiles similar to open surgery in expert hands. The most frequent surgical complications after transplant are urological, appearing in up to 12,5% of the cases; they can compromise graft function and mortality. The most frequent ones include ureterovesical anastomosis stenosis (2,5-7,5%) and vesicoureteral reflux (0,4-2,2), which present in up to 80% of the cases.

Influence of secondary diagnoses in the development of urinary incontinence after radical prostatectomy.

Objective: To study whether there are factors related to secondary diagnoses (SDg) present in patients with prostate cancer that influence the development of urinary incontinence after radical prostatectomy (RP).

Materials And Methods: A retrospective multicenter observational study was performed reviewing the medical records of 430 men who underwent RP due to organ-confined prostate cancer in 9 different hospitals. Two study groups were distinguished: Group A (GA): Patients without urinary incontinence after RP; Group B (GB): patients with any degree of post-surgical urinary incontinence.

Correlation between the complex PSA/total PSA ratio and the free PSA/total PSA ratio, sensitivity and specificity of both markers for the diagnosis of prostate cancer.

Objective: To compare the behaviour of the PSAcomplex/PSAtotal percentage (PSAc%) against the PSA free/PSA total (PSAl%) and analyse both markers for their usefulness in diagnosing prostate cancer.

Material And Methods: We measured total PSA (PSAt), free PSA (PSAl), complex PSA (PSAc), PSAl% and PSAc% levels in 158 patients. Of these, 98 (62%) were biopsied for presenting PSAt≥3 ng/dl and PSAl%<20, PSAt>10, suspicious rectal examination or suspicious ultrasound node.

Transumbilical single port surgery with conventional laparoscopic instruments in horseshoe kidney.

Introduction: Laparoscopic surgery is following a natural course as it decreases surgical aggression on the abdominal wall without undermining the curative and functional results. Although it is still being developed, single port surgery has meant an advance in this sense.

Material And Methods: We present the first single port laparoscopic pyelolithectomy surgery in horseshoe kidney, using conventional rigid instruments.

[Age's influence in superficial bladder cancer's behaviour].

Introduction: Transitional bladder cancer is infrequent in younger people. The tumor's aggressiveness in this population is subject of discussion. We present our experience.

[Lymphatic invasion of the bladder wall in T1 superficial bladder carcinoma. Prognostic value].

Introduction: It is not usual to use as prognostic factor the bladder lymphatic vessels invasion.

Method & Material: 519 T1 bladder tumors with complete resection and follow up of one year at least. Prophylaxis with 81 mg of BCG weekly during six weeks in 54%.

[Bladder leiomyoma: diagnosis by imaging].

Objective: To report a case of leiomyoma of the bladder in a patient with unspecific urinary symptoms and discuss the utility of the diagnostic imaging techniques.

Methods/results: A 56-year-old woman who consulted for unspecific urinary symptoms is described. Patient evaluation with ultrasound, CT and MRI showed a mass in the posterior aspect of the urinary bladder.

[Glandular cystic cystitis].

Cystic-glandular cystitis is considered as part of the urothelial pre-neoplastic proliferative abnormalities. This group includes atypical hyperplasia. Von Brunn's nidus, and cystitis cystica.

[Histologic-ultrasonographic correlation of gland asymmetry and "pseudoruptures" of the prostatic capsule].

An histo-ultrasound correlation was carried out between the information obtained with pre-operative transrectal ultrasound and that obtained with the histopathological study of 29 prostate specimens from patients with mean age 63 years (range, 52 to 71 years), who underwent radical cystoprostatectomy for infiltrant neoplasia of the bladder (22/29) and radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer (7/29). The (extrinsic and intrinsic) ultrasound parameters were analyzed focusing in the study of the prostatic capsule or "pseudocapsule". With this comparative, echographic and histological study the concept of capsular "pseudorupture" that results from the presence of (arterial and/or venous) vessels, nerves and fibromuscular folds at the periprostatic fat tissue is introduced.