Social determinants of health among residential areas with a high tuberculosis incidence in a remote Inuit community.

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant health burden among Inuit in Canada. Social determinants of health (SDH) play a key role in TB infection, disease and ongoing transmission in this population. The objective of this research was to estimate the prevalence of social determinants of Inuit health as they relate to latent TB infection (LTBI) among people living in residential areas at high risk for TB in Iqaluit, Nunavut.

Renal replacement therapy: a practical update.

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is defined as an abrupt decrease in kidney function, with the most severe form requiring some method of renal replacement therapy (RRT). The use of RRT is required in 5-10% of critically ill patients who develop severe AKI. Renal replacement therapy can be provided as either intermittent hemodialysis or one of the various modes of continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT), with CRRT potentially conferring an advantage with respect to renal recovery and dialysis independence.

The potential impact and cost-effectiveness of tobacco reduction strategies for tuberculosis prevention in Canadian Inuit communities.

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant public health problem in Canadian Inuit communities. In 2016, Canadian Inuit had an incidence rate 35 times the Canadian average. Tobacco use is an important risk factor for TB, and over 60% of Inuit adults smoke.

Paediatric tuberculosis among the foreign-born: utility of the Canadian TB immigration medical surveillance programme.

Background: There are few data on the utility of screening paediatric immigrants for tuberculosis (TB) in low TB burden countries.

Objective: To evaluate the utility of the Canadian immigration medical examination and TB Medical Surveillance (TBMS) for detecting paediatric TB disease.

Design: A 10-year population-based retrospective cohort study of foreign-born children (ages 0-10 years) and adolescents (ages 11-17 years) immigrating to Ontario, Canada, using linked immigration and public health databases.

Clinical Features of Disorders of Consciousness in Young Children.

Objectives: To investigate behavioral and demographic features of levels of consciousness in young children with brain injury, including the classifications of consciousness: conscious state (CS), minimally conscious state (MCS), and vegetative state (VS), and to investigate the course of recovery in children with disorders of consciousness (DOC).

Design: Retrospective chart review and post hoc analysis.

Setting: Pediatric inpatient rehabilitation unit.

Inbreeding in the last ruling dynasty of Portugal: The house of Braganza.

Objectives: To determine whether: (1) there are high levels of inbreeding in a European royal dynasty that continues until the 20th century, and (2) whether inbreeding is negatively associated with pre-reproductive survival and longevity.

Methods: Genealogical information of all Braganza monarchs (1640-1910) was used to compute the individual's inbreeding coefficient (F) and the coefficient of kinship (θ) of the marriage which were examined in relation to two life-history traits.

Results: Mean F of the monarchs was 0.

Probing the Electrostatic and Steric Requirements for Substrate Binding in Human Platelet-Type 12-Lipoxygenase.

Human platelet ALOX12 (hALOX12 or h12-LOX) has been implicated in a variety of human diseases. The present study investigates the active site of hALOX12 to more thoroughly understand how it positions the substrate and achieves nearly perfect regio- and stereospecificities (i.e.

The Role of Meaning in Visual Memory: Face-Selective Brain Activity Predicts Memory for Ambiguous Face Stimuli.

How people process images is known to affect memory for those images, but these effects have typically been studied using explicit task instructions to vary encoding. Here, we investigate the effects of intrinsic variation in processing on subsequent memory, testing whether recognizing an ambiguous stimulus as meaningful (as a face vs as shape blobs) predicts subsequent visual memory even when matching the perceptual features and the encoding strategy between subsequently remembered and subsequently forgotten items. We show in adult humans of either sex that single trial EEG activity can predict whether participants will subsequently remember an ambiguous Mooney face image (e.

The use of European shag pellets as indicators of microplastic fibers in the marine environment.

Microplastic particles are abundant marine pollutants that are ingested by many seabirds. Some seabirds regurgitate non-digestible materials in the form of pellets and their analysis may be useful to study the abundance of plastic debris at the local scale. Here, we aimed to provide baseline data for the presence of microplastics in pellets regurgitated by European shags (Phalacrocorax aristotelis) (n = 41) in the Iberia peninsula (NW Spain).

In vitro evaluation of a multispecies oral biofilm over antibacterial coated titanium surfaces.

Peri-implantitis is an infectious disease that affects the supporting soft and hard tissues around dental implants and its prevalence is increasing considerably. The development of antibacterial strategies, such as titanium antibacterial-coated surfaces, may be a promising strategy to prevent the onset and progression of peri-implantitis. The aim of this study was to quantify the biofilm adhesion and bacterial cell viability over titanium disc with or without antibacterial surface treatment.

A Novel Three-Dimensional Analysis of Tongue Movement During Water and Saliva Deglutition: A Preliminary Study on Swallowing Patterns.

Deglutition is a complex oral function, and the study of the whole process requires a precise analysis of the elements involved, especially of the tongue biomechanics. We described a three-dimensional analysis of tongue movements during both saliva and water deglutition in participants with normal occlusion. Fourteen participants (25.

Collagen-silica nanocomposites as dermal dressings preventing infection in vivo.

The controlled delivery of multiple drugs from biomaterials is a timely challenge. In particular the nanocomposite approach offers a unique opportunity to combine the scaffold-forming ability and biocompatibility of hydrogels with the versatile and tunable drug release properties of micro- or nano-carriers. Here, we show that collagen-silica nanocomposites allowing for the prolonged release of two topical antibiotics are promising medicated dressings to prevent infection in wounds.

Effect of the hematopoietic growth factors erythropoietin and kit ligand on bovine oocyte in vitro maturation and developmental competence.

The overall aim of this work was to study the influence of the hematopoietic growth factors erythropoietin (EPO) and kit ligand (KITL) during bovine oocyte in vitro maturation (IVM). The effect of adding different concentrations of EPO or KITL to maturation medium was evaluated analyzing oocyte nuclear maturation, cumulus cells apoptosis, embryo cleavage, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in matured oocytes and cleaved embryos and the developmental competence to the blastocyst stage. No significant differences were observed in the percentage of oocytes that completed nuclear maturation among treatments, but the percentages of cleaved embryos and blastocysts obtained increased.

Spin dynamics of the block orbital-selective Mott phase.

Iron-based superconductors display a variety of magnetic phases originating in the competition between electronic, orbital, and spin degrees of freedom. Previous theoretical investigations of the multi-orbital Hubbard model in one-dimension revealed the existence of an orbital-selective Mott phase (OSMP) with block spin order. Recent inelastic neutron scattering (INS) experiments on the BaFeSe ladder compound confirmed the relevance of the block-OSMP.

Novel and Selective Triosephosphate Isomerase Inhibitors with Acaricidal Activity.

The cattle tick is one of the most important ectoparasites causing significant economic losses for the cattle industry. The major tool of control is reducing the number of ticks, applying acaricides in cattle. However, overuse has led to selection of resistant populations of to most of these products, some even to more than one active principle.

Study protocol: a randomized, double-blind, parallel, two-arm, placebo control trial investigating the feasibility and safety of immunoglobulin treatment in COPD patients for prevention of frequent recurrent exacerbations.

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic progressive inflammatory disease of the airways, associated with frailty, disability, co-morbidity, and mortality. Individuals with COPD experience increased risk and rates of acute exacerbation as their lung disease worsens. Current treatments to prevent acute exacerbation of COPD (AECOPD) are only modestly effective.

Isolation and Structural Characterization of Bioactive Molecules on Prostate Cancer from Mayan Traditional Medicinal Plants.

Prostate cancer is the most common cancer in men around the world. It is a complex and heterogeneous disease in which androgens and their receptors play a crucial role in the progression and development. The current treatment for prostate cancer is a combination of surgery, hormone therapy, radiation and chemotherapy.

Accumulation and Biotransformation of Toxins by the Surf Clam .

Surf clams, , were shown to accumulate toxins from blooms. Only pectenotoxin 2 (PTX2) and some of its derivatives were found, and no toxins from the okadaic acid group were detected. PTX2 seems to be transformed to PTX2 seco-acid (PTX2sa), which was found in concentrations more than ten-fold those of PTX2.

Computing Resonant Inelastic X-Ray Scattering Spectra Using The Density Matrix Renormalization Group Method.

We present a method for computing the resonant inelastic x-ray scattering (RIXS) spectra in one-dimensional systems using the density matrix renormalization group (DMRG) method. By using DMRG to address this problem, we shift the computational bottleneck from the memory requirements associated with exact diagonalization (ED) calculations to the computational time associated with the DMRG algorithm. This approach is then used to obtain RIXS spectra on cluster sizes well beyond state-of-the-art ED techniques.

Looking for Novel Capsid Protein Multimerization Inhibitors of Feline Immunodeficiency Virus.

Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) is a member of the retroviridae family of viruses. It causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in worldwide domestic and non-domestic cats and is a cause of an important veterinary issue. The genome organization of FIV and the clinical characteristics of the disease caused by FIV are similar to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).

Your visual system provides all the information you need to make moral judgments about generic visual events.

To what extent are people's moral judgments susceptible to subtle factors of which they are unaware? Here we show that we can change people's moral judgments outside of their awareness by subtly biasing perceived causality. Specifically, we used subtle visual manipulations to create visual illusions of causality in morally relevant scenarios, and this systematically changed people's moral judgments. After demonstrating the basic effect using simple displays involving an ambiguous car collision that ends up injuring a person (E1), we show that the effect is sensitive on the millisecond timescale to manipulations of task-irrelevant factors that are known to affect perceived causality, including the duration (E2a) and asynchrony (E2b) of specific task-irrelevant contextual factors in the display.

Accuracy of the microcanonical Lanczos method to compute real-frequency dynamical spectral functions of quantum models at finite temperatures.

We examine the accuracy of the microcanonical Lanczos method (MCLM) developed by Long et al. [Phys. Rev.

Development of pH-responsive biopolymer-silica composites loaded with Larrea divaricata Cav. extract with antioxidant activity.

A detailed study of biomaterials is mandatory to comprehend their feasible biomedical applications in terms of drug delivery and tissue regeneration. Particularly, mucoadhesive biopolymers such as chitosan (chi) and carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) have become interesting biomaterials regards to their biocompatibility and non-toxicity for oral mucosal drug delivery. In this work, pH-responsive biopolymer-silica composites (Chi-SiO, Chi-CMC-SiO) were developed.

Targeting Beta-Amyloid at the CSF: A New Therapeutic Strategy in Alzheimer's Disease.

Although immunotherapies against the amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide tried so date failed to prove sufficient clinical benefit, Aβ still remains the main target in Alzheimer's disease (AD). This article aims to show the rationale of a new therapeutic strategy: clearing Aβ from the CSF continuously (the "CSF-sink" therapeutic strategy). First, we describe the physiologic mechanisms of Aβ clearance and the resulting AD pathology when these mechanisms are altered.

Catalytic power of enzymes decreases with temperature: New insights for understanding soil C cycling and microbial ecology under warming.

Most current models of soil C dynamics predict that climate warming will accelerate soil C mineralization, resulting in a long-term CO release and positive feedback to global warming. However, ecosystem warming experiments show that CO loss from warmed soils declines to control levels within a few years. Here, we explore the temperature dependence of enzymatic conversion of polymerized soil organic C (SOC) into assimilable compounds, which is presumed the rate-limiting step of SOC mineralization.