Altered hypoxia- and redox-related transcriptional signatures in mitochondrial-DNA-depleted PC-3 cells.

Rho 0 (ρ) cells are widely used as a tool to investigate how the absence of respiring mitochondria affects a variety of physiological and pathological processes. Prominently, ρ cells have been used to study the role of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and/or mitochondrial respiration in the stabilization of the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) in hypoxia. In this study, we cultured ρ and WT PC-3 cells in 5% O (physioxia) and Plasmax medium for 2 weeks prior to transcriptomic and functional analyses.

Creating Physiological Cell Environments In Vitro: Adjusting Cell Culture Media Composition and Oxygen Levels to Investigate Mitochondrial Function and Cancer Metabolism.

In vitro and ex vivo studies are crucial for mitochondrial research, offering valuable insights into cellular mechanisms and aiding in diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Accurate in vitro models rely on adequate cell culture conditions, such as the composition of culture media and oxygenation levels. These conditions can influence energy metabolism and mitochondrial activities, thus impacting studies involving mitochondrial components, such as the effectiveness of anticancer drugs.

Revisiting reactive oxygen species production in hypoxia.

Cellular responses to hypoxia are crucial in various physiological and pathophysiological contexts and have thus been extensively studied. This has led to a comprehensive understanding of the transcriptional response to hypoxia, which is regulated by hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs). However, the detailed molecular mechanisms of HIF regulation in hypoxia remain incompletely understood.

The effect of baseline O conditions on the response of prostate cancer cells to hypoxia.

The transcriptional response to hypoxia is largely regulated by the hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs), which induce the expression of genes involved in glycolysis, angiogenesis, proliferation, and migration. Virtually all cell culture-based hypoxia experiments have used near-atmospheric (18% O) oxygen levels as the baseline for comparison with hypoxia. However, this is hyperoxic compared with mammalian tissue microenvironments, where oxygen levels range from 2% to 9% O (physioxia).

Culture of Cancer Cells at Physiological Oxygen Levels Affects Gene Expression in a Cell-Type Specific Manner.

Standard cell culture is routinely performed at supraphysiological oxygen levels (~18% O). Conversely, O levels in most mammalian tissues range from 1-6% (physioxia). Such hyperoxic conditions in cell culture can alter reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, metabolism, mitochondrial networks, and response to drugs and hormones.

The tolerance to chemoradiation for cervical cancer patients: A comparative prospective study of rural versus urban population.

Context: Rural versus urban cervical cancer.

Aims: This study aims to study the difference in toxicities and clinical outcome of chemoradiation in urban and rural cervical cancer patient.

Settings And Design: This was a prospective study.

Supraphysiological Oxygen Levels in Mammalian Cell Culture: Current State and Future Perspectives.

Most conventional incubators used in cell culture do not regulate O levels, making the headspace O concentration ~18%. In contrast, most human tissues are exposed to 2-6% O (physioxia) in vivo. Accumulating evidence has shown that such hyperoxic conditions in standard cell culture practices affect a variety of biological processes.

Oxygen toxicity: cellular mechanisms in normobaric hyperoxia.

In clinical settings, oxygen therapy is administered to preterm neonates and to adults with acute and chronic conditions such as COVID-19, pulmonary fibrosis, sepsis, cardiac arrest, carbon monoxide poisoning, and acute heart failure. In non-clinical settings, divers and astronauts may also receive supplemental oxygen. In addition, under current standard cell culture practices, cells are maintained in atmospheric oxygen, which is several times higher than what most cells experience in vivo.

Efficacy of Surgical Excision and Adjuvant High-dose Rate Brachytherapy in Treatment of Keloid: Our Experience.

Background: Keloids are dermal tumors that are due to increased production of collagen caused by abnormal and prolonged wound healing. The incidence of recurrence is extremely high if only conservative measures are used. This study was conducted to evaluate the feasibility and efficacy surgery and high dose rate brachytherapy as an adjuvant therapy for treatment of keloids.

Equivalent dose in 2 Gy (EQD2) to pelvic lymph nodes using volume based prescription for three brachytherapy applicators - a dosimetric retrospective analysis.

Background: Pelvic lymph node (PLN) metastasis has been included in the FIGO staging, so there is a need to determine the dose contribution from brachytherapy to ascertain the total delivered dose to the pelvic lymph nodes in cervical cancer. The aim of the study was to calculate the equivalent dose in 2 Gy (EQD2) of the pelvic lymph nodes (PLNs) based on volume prescription using three applicators.

Materials And Methods: Forty-one patients who had undergone external beam radiotherapy followed by brachytherapy using tandem ovoids (TO), tandem ring (TR) and TO + free hand interstitial needles (TO + FH) applicators were taken for this study.

Efficacy of a novel topical combination of esafoxolaner, eprinomectin and praziquantel in cats against Toxocara cati and Dipylidium caninum.

NexGard Combo, a novel topical antiparasitic product for cats, combines the insecticide/acaricide esafoxolaner with the nematocide eprinomectin and cestodicide praziquantel. The efficacy of this combination product was evaluated against two common endoparasites of global occurrence in cats, the nematode Toxocara cati and the cestode Dipylidium caninum, in five controlled studies using naturally or experimentally infected cats with parasites of North American, South African or European origin. Cats evaluated in these studies harbored patent infection of the target parasite confirmed through a pre-treatment fecal examination.

Periodontal plastic surgery for esthetic crown lengthening by using data merging and a CAD-CAM surgical guide.

This article introduced a digital workflow by using data merging and a computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) milled surgical guide for an esthetic crown lengthening procedure. The superimposition of intraoral scanning, digital photographs, cone beam computed tomography, and a CAD-CAM surgical guide should increase the predictability of esthetic crown lengthening surgery.

Interstitial high-dose-rate brachytherapy using cobalt-60 source for cervical cancer: dosimetric and clinical outcomes from a single institute.

Purpose: To record and report dosimetric and clinical outcomes of interstitial brachytherapy using cobalt-60 (Co) source in cervical cancer.

Material And Methods: Seventy patients who underwent external beam radiotherapy with dose of 45 Gy in 25 fractions, followed by interstitial brachytherapy (ISBT) 6.5 Gy × 4 fractions were included into this study.

Brachytherapy for Oral Cavity Cancers in the Era of Intensity-Modulated Radiotherapy: Save it or Shelve it.

Head and neck cancer treatment includes a multidisciplinary approach involving all specialties. Surgery and radiotherapy are equally effective in controlling small tumors. Intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) and interstitial brachytherapy (ISBT) play an important role in the treatment of head and neck cancers.

Tolerance of Radical Radiotherapy Among Elderly Head and Neck Cancer Patients.

Head and neck cancers usually occur in the elderly age group and about half of the cases occur at the age > 60 years with majority detected in an advanced stage with increased morbidity and decreasing compliance to therapy. Since there are limited data available for the adequate treatment of elderly head and neck cancer patients, we proposed a study to analyze tolerance and response based on age, site, modality of treatment received, and implication of nutrition vs weight loss during treatment. Fifty-five patients were enrolled in this study, which was conducted between November 2015 and April 2017, and those who met the eligibility criteria were evaluated with a detailed history and physical examination, and biochemical, pathological, and radiological investigations.

Impact of different dose prescription schedules on EQD in high-dose-rate intracavitary brachytherapy of carcinoma cervix.

Purpose: To observe the effect of different high-dose-rate (HDR) intracavitary brachytherapy dose schedules on equieffective dose in 2 Gy per fraction (EQD).

Material And Methods: It is a retrospective study involving 50 cervical cancer patients, who received external radiotherapy of 45 Gy in 25 fractions and underwent intracavitary brachytherapy (ICBT). Computed tomography (CT) simulation was done after insertion of the applicators.

Molecular Marker as a Prognostic Indicator in Head and Neck Cancer Patients.

Head and neck cancer forms the major burden of cancer in the developing countries. Despite advancement in the treatment approach of head and neck cancer in terms of surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy overall long-term survival remains low due to uncontrollable persistent and recurrent disease. This low survival rate has demanded for the need for newer treatment approaches and prognostic markers.

A Case Series of Vertical Ridge Augmentation Using a Nonresorbable Membrane: A Multicenter Study.

Vertical ridge augmentation (VRA) using titanium-reinforced dense polytetrafluorethylene (d-PTFE) membranes has been associated with promising clinical outcomes. This retrospective multicenter case series was prepared for the purpose of identifying the elements that contribute to the predictability of this surgical technique. VRA procedures were carried out in 35 patients (13 male and 22 female) with an age range of 43 to 76 years.

Outcomes of Computed Tomography-Guided Image-Based Interstitial Brachytherapy for Cancer of the Cervix Using GEC-ESTRO Guidelines.

Locally advanced cancer of the cervix is treated by concurrent chemoradiation followed by brachytherapy. Interstitial brachytherapy is used to treat large tumors with involvement of parametrium, post-hysterectomy, and narrow, conical vagina. The GYN GEC-ESTRO working group described target volume delineation and also 3D image-based planning using MRI and 3D dose-volume parameters for brachytherapy of carcinoma cervix.

Brachytherapy in Head and Neck Cancers: "Are We Doing It or Are We Done with It".

We performed an e-Survey and reviewed the literature on the prevalence of use of brachytherapy in head and neck cancers in order to understand the patterns of care and probable application of this modality. A five-point questionnaire was prepared and sent to 300 oncologists through a web-based survey engine. This was done in preparation for my lecture on "Ongoing Research and Potential Research Avenues" in IBSCON held in Chennai in August 2016.

Impact of Molecular Predictors on the Response Rates in Head and Neck Cancer Patients - an Observational Study.

Squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck region account for more than 25 % of male and more than 10 % of female cancers in India (1). Head and neck cancer treatment includes a multidisciplinary approach involving all specialties. Concurrent chemo-radiation is the standard of care in most of the subsites (2).

Fructose 1,6-Bisphosphate: A Summary of Its Cytoprotective Mechanism.

In clinical and experimental settings, a great deal of effort is being made to protect cells and tissues against harmful conditions and to facilitate metabolic recovery following these insults. Much of the recent attention has focused on the protective role of a natural form of sugar, fructose 1,6-bisphosphate (F16bP). F16bP is a high-energy glycolytic intermediate that has been shown to exert a protective action in different cell types and tissues (including the brain, kidney, intestine, liver and heart) against various harmful conditions.

Rare variations in the Origin, Branching Pattern and Course of the Celiac Trunk: Report of Two Cases.

Multiple anomalies in the celiac arterial system presents as rare vascular malformations, depicting deviations of the normal vascular developmental pattern. We found a common left gastro-phrenic trunk and a hepato-spleno-mesenteric trunk arising separately from the abdominal aorta in one cadaver. We also found a common hepatic artery and a gastro-splenic trunk arising individually from the abdominal aorta in another cadaver.

The nuances of brachytherapy taught by teachers from beyond: Questionnaire-based assessment of the first cadaveric hands-on brachytherapy workshop in India.

Purpose: A questionnaire-based assessment of a cohort of young radiation oncologists attending the first human cadaveric hands-on brachytherapy workshop in India.

Methods And Materials: The cadaveric workshop for hands-on training in head/neck and gynecologic cancers was a novel process conducted at M.S.