Quantification of Liver Iron Overload with MRI: Review and Guidelines from the ESGAR and SAR.

Accumulation of excess iron in the body, or systemic iron overload, results from a variety of causes. The concentration of iron in the liver is linearly related to the total body iron stores and, for this reason, quantification of liver iron concentration (LIC) is widely regarded as the best surrogate to assess total body iron. Historically assessed using biopsy, there is a clear need for noninvasive quantitative imaging biomarkers of LIC.

Adiponectin, Leptin, and IGF-1 Are Useful Diagnostic and Stratification Biomarkers of NAFLD.

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease where liver biopsy remains the gold standard for diagnosis. Here we aimed to evaluate the role of circulating adiponectin, leptin, and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) levels as non-invasive NAFLD biomarkers and assess their correlation with the metabolome. Leptin, adiponectin, and IGF-1 serum levels were measured by ELISA in two independent cohorts of biopsy-proven obese NAFLD patients and healthy-liver controls (discovery: 38 NAFLD, 13 controls; validation: 194 NAFLD, 31 controls) and correlated with clinical data, histology, genetic parameters, and serum metabolomics.

Non-invasive measurement of liver iron concentration by magnetic resonance imaging and its clinical usefulness.

Determination of liver iron concentration by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is becoming the new technique of choice for the diagnosis of iron overload in hereditary haemochromatosis and other liver iron surcharge diseases. Determination of hepatic iron concentration obtained by liver biopsy has been the gold standard for years. The development of MRI techniques, via signal intensity ratio methods or relaxometry, has provided a non-invasive and more accurate approach to the diagnosis of liver iron overload.

Liver iron concentration in dysmetabolic hyperferritinemia: Results from a prospective cohort of 276 patients.

Introduction And Objectives: We aimed to study the liver iron concentration in patients referred for hyperferritinemia to six hospitals in the Basque Country and to determine if there were differences between patients with or without metabolic syndrome.

Patients And Methods: Metabolic syndrome was defined by accepted criteria. Liver iron concentration was determined by magnetic resonance imaging.

Practical guide to quantification of hepatic iron with MRI.

Our intention is to demystify the MR quantification of hepatic iron (i.e., the liver iron concentration) and give you a step-by-step approach by answering the most pertinent questions.

PNPLA3 p.I148M variant is associated with greater reduction of liver fat content after bariatric surgery.

Background: Obesity is the major trigger of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). NAFLD is further favored by the patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing 3 (PNPLA3) p.I148M, transmembrane 6 superfamily member 2 (TM6SF2) p.

Liver iron concentration is not raised in patients with dysmetabolic hyperferritinemia.

Unlabelled: Background & aims. Hyperferritinemia (HF) is frequently present in patients with metabolic syndrome (MS). MS associated with HF is named dysmetabolic hyperferritinemia (DH).

Measurement of liver iron concentration by MRI is reproducible.

Purpose: The objectives were (i) construction of a phantom to reproduce the behavior of iron overload in the liver by MRI and (ii) assessment of the variability of a previously validated method to quantify liver iron concentration between different MRI devices using the phantom and patients.

Materials And Methods: A phantom reproducing the liver/muscle ratios of two patients with intermediate and high iron overload. Nine patients with different levels of iron overload were studied in 4 multivendor devices and 8 of them were studied twice in the machine where the model was developed.

Novel equation to determine the hepatic triglyceride concentration in humans by MRI: diagnosis and monitoring of NAFLD in obese patients before and after bariatric surgery.

Background: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is caused by abnormal accumulation of lipids within liver cells. Its prevalence is increasing in developed countries in association with obesity, and it represents a risk factor for non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Since NAFLD is usually asymptomatic at diagnosis, new non-invasive approaches are needed to determine the hepatic lipid content in terms of diagnosis, treatment and control of disease progression.

[Shigella sonnei outbreak in a school in Northern Spain].

In October 2012, an outbreak of acute gastroenteritis caused by Shigella sonnei was detected in a nursery and primary school in the north of Spain affecting 112 people: 63.7% were pupils and teachers and 35.7% their co-habitants.

Effect of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in hepatic steatosis.

Unlabelled: Chemotherapy drugs often produce side effects in the liver. In recent years, there has been speculation about the ability to produce hepatic steatosis in patients treated with 5-fluorouracil and oxaliplatin. This prospective study examines whether these drugs can produce steatosis in patients with neoadjuvant treatment who were operated on for liver tumors.

[Standardization of the quantification of iron concentration in the liver by magnetic resonance imaging].

Objective: To calibrate 1.5 tesla magnetic resonance scanners for the quantification of the concentration of iron in the liver.

Material And Methods: We analyzed twenty-eight 1.

Accurate fat fraction quantification by multiecho gradient-recalled-echo magnetic resonance at 1.5T in rats with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.

Aim: To assess the diagnostic accuracy of a new reconstruction technique for gradient-recalled-echo magnetic resonance (MR) sequences that provides a full decomposition of the water and fat content inside a voxel for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in rats.

Material And Methods: Rats were randomized into two groups. A control group (n = 10) was given free access to regular dry rat chow for 4 weeks.

Non-invasive methods for liver fibrosis prediction in hemochromatosis: One step beyond.

Advances in recent years in the understanding of, and the genetic diagnosis of hereditary hemochromatosis (HH) have changed the approach to iron overload hereditary diseases. The ability to use a radiologic tool (MRI) that accurately provides liver iron concentration determination, and the presence of non-invasive serologic markers for fibrosis prediction (serum ferritin, platelet count, transaminases, etc), have diminished the need for liver biopsy for diagnosis and prognosis of this disease. Consequently, the role of liver biopsy in iron metabolism disorders is changing.

Liver iron concentration quantification by MRI: are recommended protocols accurate enough for clinical practice?

Objective: To assess the accuracy of quantification of liver iron concentration (LIC) by MRI using the Rennes University (URennes) algorithm.

Methods: In the overall study period 1999-2006 the LIC in 171 patients was calculated with the URennes model and the results were compared with LIC measured by liver biopsy.

Results: The biopsy showed that 107 patients had no overload, 38 moderate overload and 26 high overload.

Are hepatocellular carcinoma surveillance programs effective at improving the therapeutic options.

Aim: to evaluate whether the current surveillance programs (ultrasonography and alpha-fetoprotein testing every six months) are successful in detecting patients in the early stages.

Material And Methods: the health records of all patients diagnosed with hepatocellular carcinoma in Donostia Hospital between 2003 and 2005 were reviewed retrospectively. Eighty-five patients (11 women and 74 men) were included in the study and demographic data, risk factors and clinical data were obtained.

[Utility of various non-invasive methods for fibrosis prediction among Basque Country patients with phenotypic hemochromatosis].

Objective: To determine whether the product of multiplying age by liver iron concentration (LIC) (fibrosis index; cut-off, 480,000), platelets, transaminases, and ferritin values are related to the risk of high grade fibrosis.

Methods: A retrospective study of 32 patients with hereditary hemochromatosis (HH) with phenotypic expression. All patients had a liver biopsy with LIC.

[Arteriographic correlation in 30 patients with renal vascular disease diagnosed with multislice CT].

Objective: To determine the usefulness of multislice computed tomography (MSCT) in the evaluation of renal vascular disease against a gold standard of digital subtraction angiography (DSA).

Material And Methods: We evaluated 30 patients with arterial hypertension and/or kidney failure that underwent MSCT to rule out a vascular cause and DSA to confirm a vascular cause suspected at MSCT. MSCT examinations were performed on a 10-detector scanner with intravenous administration of 80 ml of iodinated contrast (300 mg iodine/ml) at a flow rate of 5 ml/s.