gene polymorphisms are associated with cyclophosphamide effectiveness in lupus nephritis patients: A case-control study in Indonesia.

Glutathione-S-transferase alpha-1 () is an enzyme with high conjugation activity against aldophosphamide, a metabolite of cyclophosphamide and promoter polymorphisms in may influence the cyclophosphamide effectiveness. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness and side effects of cyclophosphamide in lupus nephritis patients, using variants as predictors. A case-control study was conducted at Hasan Sadikin Hospital, Bandung, Indonesia, involving 100 lupus nephritis patients from February 2023 to January 2024.

NLC Delivery of EGFP Plasmid to TM4 Cell Nuclei for Targeted Gene Therapy.

Purpose: This study evaluated whether a nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC) delivery system could safely and accurately deliver nucleic acids to the cell nucleus using the enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP)-C1 plasmid model.

Methods: The NLC was formulated using the emulsification method and equipped for cationic lipid-mediated transfection with 1,2-dioleoyl-3-trimethylammonium-propane (DOTAP), which interacts electrostatically with nucleic acid. The NLC attributes, including size, polydispersity index, and zeta potential, were assessed by dynamic light scattering (DLS).

Immunogenicity studies of recombinant RBD SARS-CoV-2 as a COVID-19 vaccine candidate produced in .

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 -related global COVID-19 pandemic has been impacting millions of people since its outbreak in 2020. COVID-19 vaccination has proven highly efficient in reducing illness severity and preventing infection-related fatalities. The World Health Organization has granted emergency use approval to multiple, including protein subunit technology-based, COVID-19 vaccines.

Alpha-mangostin, piperine and beta-sitosterol as hepatitis C antivirus (HCV): In silico and in vitro studies.

Hepatitis C is still a serious liver case of health. Up to now the development of anti-Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) drugs is challenging, especially the development of natural material compounds as anti-HCV. In the present study, we evaluated the probability of α-mangostin, piperine, and β-sitosterol as anti-HCV with the in silico and in vitro approaches.

Regulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway and proinflammatory cytokines by ursolic acid in murine macrophages infected with .

, one of the closest relatives of (MTB), offers an advantage in studying MTB because of its tuberculosis-like effect in humans and host immune tolerance. This study examined the antimycobacterial action of ursolic acid and its regulation in macrophages during infection Colonyforming units of the bacteria were determined in the cell lysate of macrophages and in the supernatant. The effect of ursolic acid on macrophages during infection was determined by analyzing the phosphorylation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway and the concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, and nitrite The colony-forming units analysis demonstrated that ursolic acid reduced the presence of both intracellularly (in macrophages) and extracellularly.