Impact of monosodium glutamate-induced obesity on learning, memory, and DNA damage: sex-based comparative study in rats.

Obesity is a global health crisis linked to numerous adverse outcomes including cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, cancer and cognitive decline. This study investigated the sex-specific effects of monosodium glutamate (MSG)-induced obesity on learning, memory, anxiety-like behavior, oxidative stress, and genotoxicity in rats. In 32 neonatal Wistar albino rats, subcutaneous MSG injections were administered to induce obesity.

S-Sulfocysteine's toxic effects on HT-22 cells are not triggered by glutamate receptors, nor do they involve apoptotic or genotoxicity mechanisms.

S-Sulfocysteine (SSC) is a metabolite derived from the metabolism of sulfur-containing amino acids. It has been implicated in neurotoxicity observed in children with sulfite oxidase deficiency. The aim of our study was to confirm the neurotoxic effects of SSC using a mouse hippocampal cell line (HT-22) and to investigate the role of apoptosis in these effects, especially in terms of caspase-3 activation and genotoxicity.

Magnetic resonance imaging characteristics of ovarian torsion: insights into diagnostic features.

Purpose: We aimed to describe the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features of adnexal torsion, additional radiological findings and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) measurements of the affected and non-affected ovaries.

Methods: We retrospectively examined the MRI of 34 torsed adnexa of 34 cases. We specifically examined the peripherally displaced follicle sign, stromal edema, lack of stromal contrast enhancement, follicular rim sign, T2 hypointense rim sign, uterine deviation, adnexal displacement, whirlpool sign, T2 hypointense dot sign, and tubal thickening.

Updated endometrial cancer FIGO staging: the role of MRI in determining newly included histopathological criteria.

Purpose: Endometrial cancer (EC) is among the prevalent malignancies in gynecology, showing an increasing occurrence and mortality rate. The updated 2023 FIGO staging integrates both histopathological and molecular analyses, which significantly impact the prognosis and treatment approaches. This research aims to examine the effectiveness of MRI in identifying essential histopathological tumor features, including histological subtype, grade, and lymphovascular space invasion.

Is Mediolateral Translation of Femur Caused by Total Knee Arthroplasty Being Ignored?

Purpose: This study aims to show the change in overall congruency due to mediolateral translation after total knee arthroplasty compared with normal knee anatomy.

Methods: This study was performed in two parts. In part 1, the relationship between femur and tibia was defined by new parameters on the antero-posterior radiographs of 84 patients.

Investigation of fructose consumption on hippocampal insulin and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptors, and metabolic effects in rats.

Objectives: The detrimental effects of high fructose consumption on metabolic health have been extensively studied. However, limited research has focused on the impact of fructose intake on neuroprotective mechanisms, specifically the expression of insulin receptor (INSR) and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) in the hippocampus. Understanding the effects of fructose on these neuroprotective molecules can provide valuable insights into the potential role of fructose in hippocampal dysfunction.

The anticancer effects of thymol on HepG2 cell line.

There is an increasing incidence of liver cancer, which is a hazard for global health. The present study was designed to evaluate possible cytotoxic, genotoxic, apoptotic, oxidant and antioxidant effects of thymol on hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cell line. The cytotoxic effect of thymol on HepG2 cell line was determined by XTT test.

Importance of Susceptibility-weighted-imaging in Methanol Toxicity.

Methanol poisoning is a rare but potentially lethal condition. Haemorrhagic necrosis of bilateral basal ganglia, particularly of the putamen, is one of the distinctive features of this entity. One of the proposed responsible mechanisms for putaminal haemorrhagic necrosis due to methanol toxicity is inadequate venous drainage of this region.

Swimming exercise restores damaging effects of fructose-enriched diet on the liver in rats.

Fructose-enriched diet (FED) is increasing worldwide. The study aims to investigate oxidative, histopathological, and immunohistochemical effects of fructose-enriched diet and swimming exercise on liver tissue in rats. Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups: Group I (Control), Group II (FED), Group III (FED+Exercise), and Group IV (Control+Exercise).

Verbascoside potentiates the effect of tyrosine kinase inhibitors on the induction of apoptosis and oxidative stress via the Abl-mediated MAPK signalling pathway in chronic myeloid leukaemia.

Verbascoside (Verb) may exhibit potential antitumour activities in leukaemia. The present study investigated the effect of Verb, in combination with imatinib (IM), dasatinib (Das), lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and TNF, on cell survival, Abl expression, apoptosis, oxidative stress and the MAPK pathway in chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) cells. Cell viability was determined using the WST-8 assay in K562 and R-K562 cells treated with Verb and/or IM, Das, LPS and TNF.

Ileal interposition improves metabolic syndrome parameters in a rat model of metabolic syndrome induced by monosodium glutamate.

Aims: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of metabolic abnormalities. Anatomically restructuring of the gastrointestinal system has recently been an important subject of research in the treatment of MetS and closely related diseases. The aim of this study is to ensure the remission of parameters that define MetS by ileal interposition (IT) and to examine the effect of IT on plasma total GLP-1 and pancreatic GLP-1R expression.

Nephrolithiasis during the first 6 months of life in exclusively breastfed infants.

Background: We investigated etiology and prognosis of infantile nephrolithiasis, including whether lithogenic and anti-lithogenic content of breast milk affects its formation.

Methods: Thirty infants with nephrolithiasis and 30 healthy infants exclusively breastfed for the first 6 months of life were included in this prospective cohort case-control study. At entry, age, sex, and timing of birth of patients and controls were recorded.

Oxidative Stress and Genotoxicity in Pterygium: A Systemic Investigation.

Objectives: To perform a systemic investigation on oxidative stress and DNA damage in patients with primary pterygium.

Methods: This prospective cross-sectional study included 32 patients with primary pterygium (60.1±2.

Non-traumatic Ceramic Head Fracture in Total Hip Arthroplasty with Ceramic-on-Ceramic Articulation at Postoperative 16th Years.

Ceramic articulation has gained popularity in total hip arthroplasty (THA); however, one of the most important concerns about the use of ceramic materials is the potential for breakage. Importantly, almost all ceramic fractures occur within the first six years after surgery. Here, we present a case report of a 52-year-old female patient who experienced an atraumatic ceramic head fracture at the 16th year after surgery.

Evaluation of the effects of subcostal transversus abdominis plane block on acute and subacute pain development following inguinal herniography: Randomized clinical study.

Objectives: The effect of subcostal transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block on postoperative pain is contradictive. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of subcostal TAP block on subacute pain in patients who have undergone inguinal herniography.

Methods: Patients aged between 18 and 75 years with American Society of Anesthesiologists 1-3 and who were to undergo elective unilateral inguinal herniography with mesh under general anesthesia were included.

Pudendal Nerve Block Versus Penile Nerve Block in Children Undergoing Circumcision.

Purpose: Penile nerve block is the most popular nerve block for the circumcision in pediatric patients. This study aimed to compare the analgesic efficiency of penile nerve block and the pudendal nerve block on postoperative pain and additional analgesic requirements in children undergoing circumcision.

Material And Methods: This prospective randomized double-blind study enrolled 85 children, aged 1 to10 years, undergoing circumcision.

The Assessment of Risk Factors for Difficult Intubation in Thyroid Patients.

Objectives: We aimed to assess possible risk factors related to difficult intubation in patients undergoing thyroid surgery.

Methods: We prospectively collected data of 200 patients scheduled for thyroid surgery. Clinical risk factors were defined as: Mallampati score, interincisor gap, thyromental distance, sternomental distance, range of neck motion, body mass index, neck circumference, goiter, the presence of radiological findings suggesting compression and thyroid weight.

The effects of intra-articular levobupivacain versus levobupivacain plus magnesium sulfate on postoperative analgesia in patients undergoing arthroscopic meniscectomy: A prospective randomized controlled study.

Objective: The aim of this study was to compared the effectiveness of intraarticular levobupivacain with levobupivacain and magnesium sulfate.

Methods: In this prospective randomized double blinded study, 96 patients (67 male, 29 female; age range: 18-65 years) with ASA (American Society of Anesthesiologist) score I and II, who had undergone arthroscopic meniscectomy operation, were divided to 3 groups that had postoperative analgesia with intra-articular saline injection (control group), levobupivacain injection (L group) or levobupivacain and magnesium sulfate injection (LM group). Patients were compared with postoperative VAS (Visual Analog Score) score during rest and activity, opioid analgesic need, non-opioid analgesic need and other medication needs.

Pedobarographic Analysis in Total Knee Arthroplasty.

Pedobarographic gait analysis is a useful tool for the determination of loading distributions and alterations on the lower extremity and their reflection on the foot sole after many orthopaedic surgical applications. To date, there have been no studies evaluating the relationship between component alignment and changes of pedobarographic gait analysis in total knee arthroplasty (TKA). We aimed to investigate the effects of TKA and prosthetic alignment on the distribution of pedobarographic parameters.

Modified Grice-Green subtalar arthrodesis performed using a partial fibular graft yields satisfactory results in patients with cerebral palsy.

The aim of this study was to report the experience with the use of a modified Grice-Green technique, which was performed using a partial subperiosteal fibular bone graft because of valgus unstable foot in children with cerebral palsy. Fifteen feet of 11 patients were evaluated on the basis of the appearance of the feet, clinical symptoms, and radiographic measurements. After an average follow-up duration of 24 (9-39) months, all feet showed satisfactory clinical and radiological results.

General formalism of local thermodynamics with an example: Quantum Otto engine with a spin-1/2 coupled to an arbitrary spin.

We investigate a quantum heat engine with a working substance of two particles, one with a spin-1/2 and the other with an arbitrary spin (spin s), coupled by Heisenberg exchange interaction, and subject to an external magnetic field. The engine operates in a quantum Otto cycle. Work harvested in the cycle and its efficiency are calculated using quantum thermodynamical definitions.

Comparison of switch-therapy modalities (enoxaparin to rivaroxaban/dabigatran) and enoxaparin monotherapy after hip and knee replacement.

Objective: Prevention of deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and associated pulmonary embolism following major orthopedic surgeries is challenging, and there is an increased interest in developing new treatment strategies. We compared 2 switch-therapy modalities-enoxaparin to rivaroxaban and enoxaparin to dabigatran-and enoxaparin monotherapy for preventing DVT after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and total hip arthroplasty (THA).

Methods: This was a prospective, non-blinded, randomized controlled study.

Quantum correlated heat engine with spin squeezing.

We propose a four-level quantum heat engine in an Otto cycle with a working substance of two spins subject to an external magnetic field and coupled to each other by a one-axis twisting spin squeezing nonlinear interaction. We calculate the positive work and the efficiency of the engine for different parameter regimes. In particular, we investigate the effects of quantum correlations at the end of the two isochoric processes of the Otto cycle, as measured by the entanglement of formation and quantum discord, on the work extraction and efficiency.

Missed isolated posterior malleolar fractures.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the injury mechanism and clinical and radiological results of the patients with isolated posterior malleolar fracture.

Methods: Seven patients (5 male, 2 female; mean age: 32 years; range: 23-40) with a missed isolated posterior malleolar fracture were included in the study. All patients had initially been examined for an ankle sprain in the emergency room, where the initial plain radiographs did not show any abnormality.