High-resolution isotopic data link settlement complexification to infant diets within the Roman Empire.

Our study explores the potential relationship between infant feeding practices and settlement complexity in the Roman Empire through high-resolution Bayesian-modeled stable isotope measurements from incremental dentine. We compiled isotopic data from permanent first molars of individuals from various Roman sites: five from Bainesse (UK), 30 from Thessaloniki (Greece), along with new carbon and nitrogen isotope analyses from four individuals from Pompeii and six from Ostia Via del Mare (AVM). Our results reveal significant inter-site variability in breastfeeding durations, ranging from 1.

Combining BNCT with carbonic anhydrase inhibition for mesothelioma treatment: Synthesis, in vitro, in vivo studies of ureidosulfamido carboranes.

Mesothelioma is a malignant neoplasm of mesothelial cells caused by exposure to asbestos. The average survival time after diagnosis is usually nine/twelve months. A multi-therapeutic approach is therefore required to treat and prevent recurrence.

Microplastics and Nanoplastics in Atheromas and Cardiovascular Events.

Background: Microplastics and nanoplastics (MNPs) are emerging as a potential risk factor for cardiovascular disease in preclinical studies. Direct evidence that this risk extends to humans is lacking.

Methods: We conducted a prospective, multicenter, observational study involving patients who were undergoing carotid endarterectomy for asymptomatic carotid artery disease.

A compact scintillator-based detector with collimator and shielding for dose monitoring in boron neutron capture therapy.

Boron neutron capture therapy exploits B(n,)Li reactions for targeted tumor destruction. In this work, we aimed at developing a dose monitoring system based on the detection of 478 keV gamma rays emitted by the reactions, which is very challenging due to the severe background present. We investigated a compact gamma-ray detector with a pinhole collimator and shielding housing.

Combined BNCT-CIRT treatment planning for glioblastoma using the effect-based optimization.

. Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) and carbon ion radiotherapy (CIRT) are emerging treatment modalities for glioblastoma. In this study, we investigated the methodology and feasibility to combine BNCT and CIRT treatments.

Climate-driven growth dynamics and trend reversal of Fagus sylvatica L. and Quercus cerris L. in a low-elevation beech forest in Central Italy.

In highly climate-change-sensitive regions, such as the Mediterranean, increasing knowledge of climate-driven growth dynamics is required for habitat conservation and forecasting species adaptability under future climate change. In this study, we test a high spectrum of climatic signals, not only monthly and seasonal but also on a multi-year scale and include the single tree analysis to answer this issue, focusing on a low-elevation thermophilic old-growth beech forest surrounding the Bracciano Lake in Central Italy. Through a dendroecological and isotope analysis, we evaluate both short- and long-term sensitivity of F.

Study of Alternative Imaging Methods for In Vivo Boron Neutron Capture Therapy.

Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT) is an innovative and highly selective treatment against cancer. Nowadays, in vivo boron dosimetry is an important method to carry out such therapy in clinical environments. In this work, different imaging methods were tested for dosimetry and tumor monitoring in BNCT based on a Compton camera detector.

Microdosimetric Analysis for Boron Neutron Capture Therapy via Monte Carlo Track Structure Simulation with Modified Lithium Cross-sections.

Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) is a cellular-level hadron therapy achieving therapeutic effects via the synergistic action of multiple particles, including Lithium, alpha, proton, and photon. However, evaluating the relative biological effectiveness (RBE) in BNCT remains challenging. In this research, we performed a microdosimetric calculation for BNCT using the Monte Carlo track structure (MCTS) simulation toolkit, TOPAS-nBio.

A novel pH sensitive theranostic PLGA nanoparticle for boron neutron capture therapy in mesothelioma treatment.

This study aims to develop poly lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) nanoparticles with an innovative imaging-guided approach based on Boron Neutron Capture Therapy for the treatment of mesothelioma. The herein-reported results demonstrate that PLGA nanoparticles incorporating oligo-histidine chains and the dual Gd/B theranostic agent AT101 can successfully be exploited to deliver a therapeutic dose of boron to mesothelioma cells, significantly higher than in healthy mesothelial cells as assessed by ICP-MS and MRI. The selective release is pH responsive taking advantage of the slightly acidic pH of the tumour extracellular environment and triggered by the protonation of imidazole groups of histidine.

Potentialities of High-Resolution 3-D CZT Drift Strip Detectors for Prompt Gamma-Ray Measurements in BNCT.

Recently, new high-resolution cadmium-zinc-telluride (CZT) drift strip detectors for room temperature gamma-ray spectroscopic imaging were developed by our group. The CZT detectors equipped with orthogonal anode/cathode collecting strips, drift strips and dedicated pulse processing allow a detection area of 6 × 20 mm and excellent room temperature spectroscopic performance (0.82% FWHM at 661.

Multimodal evaluation of F-BPA internalization in pancreatic cancer cells for boron capture and proton therapy potential applications.

Purpose: One of the obstacles to the application of Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT) and Proton Boron Fusion Therapy (PBFT) concerns the measurement of borated carriers' biodistribution. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the in vitro internalization of the F-labelled p-boronophenylalanine (F-BPA) in the human cancer pancreatic cell line (PANC-1) for the potential application of BNCT and PBFT in pancreatic cancer. The F-BPA carrier has the advantage that its bio-distribution may be monitored in vivo using F-Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (F NMR).

Evaluation of Multifunctional Gold Nanorods for Boron Neutron Capture and Photothermal Therapies.

The incidence and mortality of cancer demand more innovative approaches and combination therapies to increase treatment efficacy and decrease off-target side effects. We describe a boron-rich nanoparticle composite with potential applications in both boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) and photothermal therapy (PTT). Our strategy is based on gold nanorods (AuNRs) stabilized with polyethylene glycol and functionalized with the water-soluble complex cobalt (dicarbollide) ([3,3'-Co(1,2-CBH)]), commonly known as COSAN.

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The Artavia Murillo v. Costa Rica judgement wants to make the Convention say the opposite of what it clearly states: that one is a person from the moment of conception. Contrary to what the Inter-American Court maintains, conduct cannot be ethical if it is not based on criteria of justice, and the concept of justice is based on reality.

A Novel Approach to Design and Evaluate BNCT Neutron Beams Combining Physical, Radiobiological, and Dosimetric Figures of Merit.

(1) Background:The quality of neutron beams for Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT) is currently defined by its physical characteristics in air. Recommendations exist to define whether a designed beam is useful for clinical treatment. This work presents a new way to evaluate neutron beams based on their clinical performance and on their safety, employing radiobiological quantities.

Cultivation of the Acidophilic Microalgae with Wastewater: Process Yields.

Algal based wastewater treatment offers the opportunity to recover, in the form of biomass, the nutrients and internal chemical energy of wastewater. Recently, there has been a growing interest in the use of extremophilic microalgae, as they can easily adapt to difficult and often pollutant-rich environments. The thermo-acidophilic microalga is a species of recent discovery and great metabolic versatility, but it has still been poorly studied.

In vitro and in vivo BNCT investigations using a carborane containing sulfonamide targeting CAIX epitopes on malignant pleural mesothelioma and breast cancer cells.

This study aims at merging the therapeutic effects associated to the inhibition of Carbonic Anhydrase IX (CAIX), an essential enzyme overexpressed by cancer cells including mesothelioma and breast cancer, with those ones brought by the application of Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT). This task was pursued by designing a sulfonamido-functionalised-carborane (CA-SF) that acts simultaneously as CAIX inhibitor and boron delivery agent. The CAIX expression, measured by Western blot analysis, resulted high in both mesothelioma and breast tumours.

Recent advances in the development of high-resolution 3D cadmium-zinc-telluride drift strip detectors.

In the last two decades, great efforts have been made in the development of 3D cadmium-zinc-telluride (CZT) detectors operating at room temperature for gamma-ray spectroscopic imaging. This work presents the spectroscopic performance of new high-resolution CZT drift strip detectors, recently developed at IMEM-CNR of Parma (Italy) in collaboration with due2lab (Italy). The detectors (19.

Colocalization of tracks from boron neutron capture reactions and images of isolated cells.

In Boron Neutron Capture Therapy, the boronated drug plays a leading role in delivering a lethal dose to the tumour. The effectiveness depends on the boron macroscopic concentration and on its distribution at sub-cellular level. This work shows a way to colocalize alpha particles and lithium ions tracks with cells.

Design of a BNCT irradiation room based on proton accelerator and beryllium target.

Preliminary studies for the design of an accelerator-based BNCT clinical facility are presented. The Beam Shaping Assembly neutron activation was evaluated experimentally and with Monte Carlo simulations. The activations of patient, air and walls in the room, the absorbed doses by the patient and the in-air dose distributions were evaluated.

Accelerated Tests on Si and SiC Power Transistors with Thermal, Fastand Ultra-Fast Neutrons.

Neutron test campaigns on silicon (Si) and silicon carbide (SiC) power MOSFETs and IGBTs were conducted at the TRIGA (Training, Research, Isotopes, General Atomics) Mark II (Pavia, Italy) nuclear reactor and ChipIr-ISIS Neutron and Muon Source (Didcot, U.K.) facility.

Longitudinal changes of left and right cardiac structure and function in patients with end-stage renal disease on replacement therapy.

Background: Few data are available regarding longitudinal changes of cardiac structure and function in end-stage chronic kidney disease (CKD). Aim of the present study is to describe serial echocardiographic findings in a cohort of dialyzed CKD patients.

Methods: In this retrospective longitudinal study, we included n = 120 dialyzed CKD patients who underwent at least 2 echocardiograms either 1, 2 or 3 years apart.

Traceability of 'Mozzarella di Bufala Campana' production chain by means of carbon, nitrogen and oxygen stable isotope ratios.

Background: New techniques are required to guarantee the authenticity of food, especially for PDO (Protected Designation of Origin) trademarks. The genuineness of a product is directly related to the raw material and to the production process used. In this article, the traceability of the Mozzarella di Bufala Campana PDO was investigated, using carbon, nitrogen and oxygen stable isotopes ratios, measured on buffalo feeding, milk and mozzarella, from Caserta and Salerno farms.

Renal involvement in adrenal insufficiency (Addison disease): can we always recognize it?

Addison disease is due to the destruction or dysfunction of the entire adrenal cortex. Nowadays, the causes of adrenal insufficiency are autoimmune disease for 70-90% and tuberculosis for 7-20%. Many typical signs and symptoms, such as hyponatremia, hyperkalaemia, or renal insufficiency can represent the reasons for a nephrology consultation, especially in conditions of urgency, and they can easily be confused with other causes.

Design, synthesis and preliminary in-vitro studies of novel boronated monocarbonyl analogues of Curcumin (BMAC) for antitumor and β-amiloyd disaggregation activity.

Curcumin is currently being investigated for its capacity to treat many types of cancer and to prevent the neuron damage that is observed in Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, its clinical use is limited by its low stability and solubility in aqueous solutions. In this study, we propose a completely new class of boronated monocarbonyl analogues of Curcumin (BMAC, 6a-c), in which a carbonyl group replaces the Curcumin β-diketone functionality, and an ortho-carborane, an icosahedral boron cluster, substitutes one of the two phenolic rings.