Spatio-temporal distribution and source contributions of the ambient pollutants in Lucknow city, India.

Clean air is imperative to the survival of all life forms on the planet. However, recent times have witnessed enormous escalation in urban pollution levels. It is therefore, incumbent upon us to decipher measures to deal with it.

Analysis and simulation study of the HIV/AIDS model using the real cases.

We construct a model to investigate HIV/AIDS dynamics in real cases and study its mathematical analysis. The study examines the qualitative outcomes and confirms the local and global asymptotic stability of both the endemic equilibrium and the disease-free equilibrium. The model's criteria for exhibiting both local and global asymptotically stable behavior are examined.

Rapid Acute Coronary Syndrome Evaluation Over One Hour With High-Sensitivity Cardiac Troponin I: A United States-Based Stepped-Wedge, Randomized Trial.

Study Objective: The real-world effectiveness and safety of a 0/1-hour accelerated protocol using high-sensitivity cardiac troponin (hs-cTn) to exclude myocardial infarction (MI) compared to routine care in the United States is uncertain. The objective was to compare a 0/1-hour accelerated protocol for evaluation of MI to a 0/3-hour standard care protocol.

Methods: The RACE-IT trial was a stepped-wedge, randomized trial across 9 emergency departments (EDs) that enrolled 32,609 patients evaluated for possible MI from July 2020 through April 2021.

Resistance against two lytic phage variants attenuates virulence and antibiotic resistance in .

Background: Bacteriophage therapy is becoming part of mainstream Western medicine since antibiotics of clinical use tend to fail. It involves applying lytic bacteriophages that self-replicate and induce cell lysis, thus killing their hosts. Nevertheless, bacterial killing promotes the selection of resistant clones which sometimes may exhibit a decrease in bacterial virulence or antibiotic resistance.

Rapid detection of drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis by Modified MODS assay suitable for resource-poor settings.

Background: Cross contamination and biosafety are concerns with the microscopic observation drug susceptibility assay. To address these issues, we modified the MODS technique in the current study.

Methodology/principal Findings: Two hundred and seventy-five samples were processed on LJ media and drug susceptibility was performed by the Indirect agar proportion method.

Transcriptome Changes and Metabolic Outcomes After Bariatric Surgery in Adults With Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes.

Context: Bariatric surgery has been shown to be effective in inducing complete remission of type 2 diabetes in adults with obesity. However, its efficacy in achieving complete diabetes remission remains variable and difficult to predict before surgery.

Objective: We aimed to characterize bariatric surgery-induced transcriptome changes associated with diabetes remission and the predictive role of the baseline transcriptome.

Correction: Aleissa et al. The Association between Video Game Type and Aggressive Behaviors in Saudi Youth: A Pilot Study. . 2022, , 289.

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Differential expression of urease genes and ureolytic activity of uropathogenic Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates in different nutritional conditions.

Uropathogens have adaptation strategies to survive in the host urinary tract by efficiently utilizing and tolerating the urinary metabolites. Many uropathogens harbour the enzyme urease for the breakdown of urea and the enzymatic breakdown of urea increases the pH and facilitate the struvite crystallization. In this study, the differential urease activity of uropathogenic Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains was investigated under different nutritional conditions.

Multi-targeting of virulence factors of by β-lactam antibiotics to combat antimicrobial resistance.

Antimicrobial resistance poses a significant challenge to public health, especially in developing countries, due to a substantial rise in bacterial resistance. This situation has become so concerning that we are now at risk of losing the effectiveness of antibiotics altogether. Recent research has firmly established that bacteria engage in a process called quorum sensing (QS).

Modulation of quorum sensing and biofilm of Gram-negative bacterial pathogens by Cinnamomum zeylanicum L.

The development of antibiotic resistant microbial pathogens has become a global health threat and a major concern in modern medicine. The problem of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has majorly arisen due to sub-judicious use of antibiotics in health care and livestock industry. A slow progress has been made in last two decades in discovery of new antibiotics.

Herbal melanin modulates PGE2 and IL-6 gastroprotective markers through COX-2 and TLR4 signaling in the gastric cancer cell line AGS.

We reported a gastric anti-ulcerogenic effect of the Nigella sativa (L.)-derived herbal melanin (HM) using rat models. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying this HM gastroprotective effect remain unknown.

Biochemical and Computational Assessment of Acute Phase Proteins in Dairy Cows Affected with Subclinical Mastitis.

Subclinical mastitis (SCM) is a predominant form of mastitis wherein major visible signs of disease are absent. The present study aimed to determine acute phase proteins (APPs) like ferritin, C-reactive protein (CRP), and microalbumin (Malb) in 135 composite milk and serum samples of healthy ( = 25) and SCM ( = 110) cows. As bovine mastitis is an inflammatory disease, the present study also aimed at finding novel anti-inflammatory compounds from natural sources by repurposing approach using computational studies.

Umbelliferone modulates the quorum sensing and biofilm of Gram - ve bacteria: and investigations.

In last two decades, the world has seen an exponential increase in the antimicrobial resistance (AMR), making the issue a serious threat to human health. The mortality caused by AMR is one of the leading causes of human death worldwide. Till the end of the twentieth century, a tremendous success in the discovery of new antibiotics was seen, but in last two decades, there is negligible progress in this direction.

In silico analysis and molecular docking studies of natural compounds of Withania somnifera against bovine NLRP9.

Context: NLRP9 is a member of nucleotide-binding domain leucine-rich repeat-containing receptors and is found to be associated with many inflammatory diseases. In the current scenario, the identification of promising anti-inflammatory compounds from natural sources by repurposing approach is still relevant for the early prevention and effective management of the disease.

Methods: In the present study, we docked bioactives of Ashwagandha (Withanoside IV, Withanoside V, Withanolide A, Withanolide B, and Sitoindoside IX) and two control drugs against bovine NLRP9 protein.

Human tolerance to extreme heat: evidence from a desert climate population.

Background: Ambient temperatures exceeding 40 °C are projected to become common in many temperate climatic zones due to global warming. Therefore, understanding the health effects of continuous exposure to high ambient temperatures on populations living in hot climatic regions can help identify the limits of human tolerance.

Objective: We studied the relationship between ambient temperature and non-accidental mortality in the hot desert city of Mecca, Saudi Arabia, between 2006 and 2015.

Association of Ambient Temperature with Mortality in Resident and Multiethnic Transient Populations in a Desert Climate, 2006-2014.

Background: Although the association between ambient temperature and mortality in local populations is evident, this relationship remains unclear in transient populations (e.g., due to immigration, mass gatherings, or displacement).

Whole genome transcriptomic reveals heat stroke molecular signatures in humans.

An evolutionary heat shock response (HSR) protects most living species, including humans, from heat-induced macromolecular damage. However, its role in the pathogenesis of heat stroke is unknown. We examined the whole genome transcriptome in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of a cohort of subjects exposed to the same high environmental heat conditions, who developed heat stroke (n = 19) versus those who did not (n = 19).

Insight into the Interaction Mechanism of HSA with Aztreonam: A Multispectroscopic and Computational Approach.

Aztreonam is a Gram-negative bacteria-targeting synthetic monobactam antibiotic. Human serum albumin (HSA) plays an important role in the transference of pharmaceuticals, hormones, and fatty acids, along with other compounds, determining their biodistribution and physiological fate. Using several biophysical and in silico approaches, we studied the interaction of aztreonam with HSA under physiological environments in this study.

The Association between Video Game Type and Aggressive Behaviors in Saudi Youth: A Pilot Study.

Video gaming is a popular source of entertainment among children and adolescents. Although the Middle East is home to one of the fastest growing communities of video game users, most of the research established on this topic has been carried out through small scale studies. Our aim in this study is to assess the prevalence of video game use and its association with aggressive behaviors among adolescents in Saudi Arabia.

Chemical characterization of PM and PM combusted firecracker particles during Diwali of Lucknow City, India: air-quality deterioration and health implications.

Urban air pollution is a growing menace leading to human discomfort, increased hospitalizations, morbidity, and mortality. This study deals with deteriorated air quality due to firecracker bursting during Diwali in Lucknow. Inhalable particulates and gaseous pollutants were monitored during Diwali 2020 using air samplers.

Broad-Spectrum Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, and Anticancer Studies of Leaf Extract of DC In Vitro.

The current study aimed to screen the preliminary phytochemicals in the leaf extract of the medicinal plant and to analyze its potential antimicrobial, antioxidant and anticancer properties. The phytochemical profile of the methanol extract was analyzed, and bioactive compounds were identified using chromatography, FTIR and GCMS. Antimicrobial activity and Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) were determined against 14 bacterial and 6 fungal strains.

Investigation of phytoconstituents of as potential glucokinase activators through molecular docking for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Glucokinase (GK) is an enzyme involved in synthesising glucose into glucose-6 phosphate and serves a crucial function in glucose sensing. Therefore, agents that induce GK activation could be used to treat T2DM. The present work has been carried out to investigate the GK activation potential of phytoconstituents of through molecular docking.