Effects of Au/TiO metallic nanoparticles on Unio ravoisieri: assessment through an oxidative stress and toxicity biomarkers.

Several studies have been performed on the effects of nanoparticles on aquatic life. However, most of them investigated marine organisms, not freshwater organisms. This study investigated biomarker responses after exposure for 48 h and 7 days to newly made gold and titanium dioxide (Au/TiO) metallic nanoparticles (MNPs) (100 and 200 μg·L) using the freshwater bivalve mussel Unio ravoisieri.