A sustainable black liquor-based carbon scavenger to promote urea formaldehyde as green wood adhesive with low formaldehyde emission.

The current study focuses on finding an ecological method to dispose of black liquors (BLs), containing lignin macromolecules, which are produced as byproducts of rice straw-based paper production. In addition to maximizing their value as precursors in the preparation of novel formaldehyde scavengers to avoid the environmental risks associated with using urea formaldehyde in agro-wood composites. To optimize the route, various black liquors are prepared from pulping of rice straw by different pulping agents (alkali, neutral, acidic and kraft reagents) used as additions or precursors for carbon compounds.

Carbon quantum dots derived from rice straw doped with N and S and its nanocomposites with hydroxypropyl cellulose nanocomposite.

As biomass, rice straw (RS) is often valorized as a precursor of green products. In this respect, the RS-based carbon quantum dots (CQDs) are synthesized doped with N and S during the preparation. Synergistic doping with lipoic acid and ethylenediamine can vastly increase the yield of CQD from rice straw from 6.

Opportunity for valorization of pulping by-product in production high performance sustaining release lignin-based gel.

This study focuses on optimizing the pulping by-product to produce effective hydrogels for controlling the release of salicylic acid (SA). In this regard, two routes are achieved: the first involves preparing black liquor (BL) composite hydrogels with various polymer macromolecules [polyacrylamide (PAM), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), and chitosan (Cs), and the second involves carboxymethylation of BL and grafting with acrylamide. Hydrogels are evaluated using spectral analysis (ATR-FTIR), thermal analysis (TGA and DTG), and swelling measures.

Enhancing the valorization of pulping black liquors in production effective aerogel-carbon nanostructure as adsorbents toward cationic and ionic dyes.

This work deals with promoting the efficiency of removing the cationic and ionic dyes by new aerogel-carbon nanostructures. For cleaner production the rice straw-pulping black liquors, which regards serious environmental risk during routine disposing, is used in preparing the aerogel precursors. These aerogels (AGBs) depend on using pulping black liquor in hybrid with resorcinol and the less carcinogenic formaldehyde butyraldehyde.

Performance effectiveness of nano-lignin in production of gel with nano-chitosan for controlling release of salicylic acid.

This work deals with assessing the performance of lignin nanoparticles (LNPs) in solving the problem of using salicylic acid as an agrochemical compound, via controlling its release. LNPs, obtained from black liquor, have been used to develop new delivery systems. Gels from chelating of LNPs with chitosan or chitosan nanoparticles (Cs-NPs) in presence or absence of cationic starch are investigated to achieve this essential aim.

Assessment of the effect of different pulping by-products on enhancing the reuse of rubber waste in producing of cement-mortar.

This work deals with avoiding the pollution risks from paper pulping liquors and rubber wastes that result from routine disposal tools; moreover, finding an approach to minimize the drawback of incorporating the rubber waste in weakening the strength of building materials. In this respect, pulping black liquors (BLs) is assessed as a treating agent for rubber waste and substituting the water in cement mortar formulation. The assessment was achieved by testing the mechanical properties, water resistance (reduction in water absorption and dimensional change against water), and morphology.

Toward pulping process for enhancing the RS-black liquors as precursor of activated carbons for aqueous adsorbent purposes.

This work deals with providing a green pulping process of rice straw with zero waste discharged, via valorization of its by-product as a promising precursor for production of carbon nanostructures. The carbon nanostructures (BL-CNSs) from rice straw pulping liquors (BLs) are prepared in one step with phosphoric acid activation. The carbon nanostructures (BL-CNSs) from rice straw pulping liquors (BLs) are prepared in one step with phosphoric acid activation.

Upcycling polyethylene terephthalate wastes for enhancing the performance of polyester from rice straw polyol in HDPE-composites.

Upscaling the utilization of polymer wastes together with the valorization of undesirable waste rice straw (RS) will minimize the environmental impact of waste disposal by traditional tools. This present work assesses the utilization of polyethylene terephthalate wastes in enhancing the production of polyester-(high density polyethylene) HDPE from Rice straw polyol composites. In this respect, the polyester from rice straw polyol in hybrid with glycolysis polyethylene terephthalate wastes (Gly-WPET) was assessed in comparison with that resulted from RS-polyol, using FTIR, non-isothermal analysis, and mechanical tests.

Synthesis and evaluation of protein-based biopolymer in production of silver nanoparticles as bioactive compound versus carbohydrates-based biopolymers.

This overall process deals with evaluating the performance of silver nanoparticles, synthesized from sodium caseinate (SC) as green biological active agent, in comparison with widely produced from carboxymethyl cellulose, other carbohydrates (oxidized nanocellulose fibres (OC) and starch (St)). The TGA, FTIR and TEM, as well as its antimicrobial activities toward pathogenic Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria in addition to the yeast strain NRRL Y-477 were examined. In addition, with regard to their anti-tumour activity, the evaluation was studied via many cancer cell lines against RPE1 (normal retina cell line).

Optimizing the chitosan-cellulose based drug delivery system for controlling the ciprofloxacin release versus organic/inorganic crosslinker, characterization and kinetic study.

This work was done to optimize the drug delivery system based on N-trimethyl chitosan (TMC) and carboxylate-containing cellulose derivatives, as well as assessment the effective role of organic and inorganic cross-linkers for controlling release of ciprofloxacin (CPX) drug. Organic crosslinking of oxidized cellulose nanoparticle or CMC with TMC for preparing the hydrogel and their CPX drug loading were characterized by FTIR, swelling behaviour, DSC and SEM. Parallel tests were carried out on using Cu (II) ions as inorganic cross-linker.

A cellulose nanoarchitectonic: Multifunctional and robust superhydrophobic coating toward rapid and intelligent water-removing purpose.

The present work deals with using thermal aggregation of spray drying to achieve uniform structuring of cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) with carbon nanotubes (CNT), for obtaining rough annular microparticles with hierarchical dual dimensions. The structure and characteristics of CNC are crucial to microparticle assembly and superhydrophobic modification. The polyurethane (PU) was used to enhance the firmness of microparticles, during thermal aggregation.

Comparative evaluation for controlling release of niacin from protein- and cellulose-chitosan based hydrogels.

This work deals with assessing the efficient performance of sodium caseinate (SC) as protein-based drug delivery system of niacin (NA) than carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC). In this respect the hydrogels from complexation of chitosan with sodium caseinate (SC/Ch) or sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC/Ch) were prepared. The Synthesized NA free and loaded hydrogels were characterized by many techniques for examining the interaction, morphology, swelling, encapsulation efficiency (EE) and loading (L) % of niacin, as well as cytotoxicity study.

Light-induced shape-memory polyurethane composite film containing copper sulfide nanoparticles and modified cellulose nanocrystals.

Light-induced shape-memory polymer (LSMP) materials have advantages of remote control and precise stimulation under suitable photoactive factors. The excellent performance, stability, and low cost are significant for LSMP materials. Herein, a novel stable and cheap LSMP was prepared with polyurethane (PU) and copper sulfide nanoparticles (CuS NPs) supported on modified cellulose nanocrystals (MCNC) (CuS NPs@MCNC).

New Approach for Securing and Dating Valuable Printed Documents.

This work deals with using a novel approach for securing and dating printed documents, which will detect any forging crime present. In this respect, the coded dots matrices (machine identification code (MIC)) for the used printers are extracted via a binary system of base 2 (0, 1). The UV ink used in the printing process is prepared from novel fluorescence compounds together with polyvinyl alcohol.

Role of pulping process as synergistic treatment on performance of agro-based activated carbons.

To recommend the beneficial effect of the pulping process on enhancing agro-wastes as precursors for the production of high-performance activated carbons (ACs), different pulping methods (alkali, sulfite and neutral sulfite) were applied on two available Egyptian agriculture by-products (rice straw and sugar cane bagasse), using the one-step pyrolysis method and HPO activating agent. The adsorption performance of the different prepared ACs was evaluated in terms of Iodine Numbers and their sorption properties for removing the methylene blue (MB) from aqueous solutions. The corresponding sorption processes were also analysed using Lagergren first order, pseudo-second order and intraparticle diffusion models.

Electiveness of agro-pulping process in the sustainable production of black liquor-based activated carbons.

During the production of paper pulp, the waste water loaded with organic materials from pulping process is discharged. Therefore, water treatment should be performed before disposing of such effluent. The use of such effluent for production of activated carbon will be effective in omitting the wastewater treatment and in obtaining the product required in many industries.

Optimizing the route for production of activated carbon from fruit waste.

This work deals with optimizing the conditions of pyrolysis and type of activator to upgrade the use of fruit waste (CFW) as available and a potential precursor, in production of activated carbon (AC). In this respect, the route of activation was carried out through one- and two-step pyrolysis processes, using different chemical activating agents, such as HPO, KOH and ZnCl. The performance of the CFW-based ACs is assessed by estimating the physico-chemical characteristics (pH, electrical conductivity, bulk density and hardness), surface morphology and scanning electron microscopy, together with carbon yield, surface area and adsorption performance of pollutants in aqueous medium (methylene blue, iodine and molasses colour removal efficiencies).

Comparative DFT Computational Studies with Experimental Investigations for Novel Synthesized Fluorescent Pyrazoline Derivatives.

A novel series of pyrazoline derivatives were synthesized and their spectral properties were characterized via FT-IR, H, and C NMR. The electronic transitions and fluorescence properties were tracked via UV-Vis and emission spectrometry. The density functional theory (DFT) calculations have been also computed to get spot onto the geometry, electronic transitions and spectroscopic properties theoretically that has been compared with the encountered experimental ones.

Synthesis, quantitative structure-property relationship study of novel fluorescence active 2-pyrazolines and application.

A variety of fluorescence-active fluorinated pyrazolines was synthesized in good yields through cyclocondensation reaction of propenones with aryl hydrazines . Some of the synthesized compounds provided promising fluorescence properties with quantum yield () higher than that of quinine sulfate (standard reference). Quantitative structure-property relationship studies were undertaken supporting the exhibited fluorescence properties and estimating the parameters governing properties.

Green carboxymethyl cellulose-silver complex versus cellulose origins in biological activity applications.

This article deals with evaluating the role of cellulose origin, from wood and non-wood, on preparing green CMC-Ag complex as biological active agent. Viscose pulp as well as bagasse and rice straw pulps were used in preparation of CMCs, followed by complexation with AgNO The complex structure (free-Ag, IR-spectra and TGA), morphology (TEM), antibiological and anti-tumor activities were studied. The data revealed that, the main interaction between CMC and silver is occurred via carboxylate groups and ether link of 1ry alcohol, with formation stable 5-membered ring structure.

Properties of modified carboxymethyl cellulose and its use as bioactive compound.

The present study deals with synthesizing novel cellulose derivative, from modifying the carboxymethyl cellulose with amino phenylpropanoic acid (CMC-APP). The synthesized CMC-APP was evaluated as biological and anti-cancer active compound. The molecular structures of this active compound were built using the HyperChem program 7.

Chitosan-caseinate bilayer coatings for paper packaging materials.

Papers coated with caseinate and caseinate/chitosan bilayer films were developed. Caseinate, chitosan and caseinate/chitosan films were preliminary characterized by FTIR spectroscopy and thermal stability analyses. The effects of coating weight, caseinate concentration (7%, 10%, and 12%, w/w), and coating application methods (single layer and bilayer) on the physical and mechanical properties of coated papers were studied.

Selected properties of particleboard panels manufactured from rice straws of different geometries.

The objective is to evaluate the primary mechanical and physical properties of particleboard made from hammer-milled rice straw particles of six different categories and two types of resins. The results show the performance of straw particleboards is highly dependent upon the straw particle size controlled by the opening size of the perforated plate inside the hammer-mill. The static bending and internal bonding strength of polymeric diphenylmethane diisocyanate (pMDI) resin-bonded boards initially increase then decrease with decreased particle size.