Comparison of clinical outcomes, complications and patient satisfaction following deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty and penetrating keratoplasty.

Background: Keratoplasty is a surgical procedure in which a damaged or diseased cornea is replaced with healthy donor tissue, thereby restoring vision. Recent advancements have led to the replacement of penetrating keratoplasty (PKP) with the more selective deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty (DALK) procedure, especially for treating keratoconus. Although DALK typically has a shorter recovery time, less pain and a lower risk of rejection, PKP is still being performed for more severe corneal diseases.

Intra- and post-procedural patient-reported experience measures and their correlation with post-ERCP adverse events and unplanned healthcare utilization.

Background:  Post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) adverse events (AEs) are common, as is unplanned healthcare utilization (UHU). We aimed to assess potential etiologic associations between intra-/post-procedural patient-reported experience measures (PREMs) and post-ERCP AEs and UHU. METHODS : Prospective data from a multicenter collaborative were used.

Bereavement and Grief Among Employees in an Arab University Setting: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Background: Several mental health outcomes develop following bereavement. Little research has examined bereavement in the workplace and the associated risk factors, particularly in Arab populations.

Objectives: The objectives of this cross-sectional study were to determine the sociodemographic characteristics of bereaved employees, measure the prevalence of their dysfunction, establish the type of closeness and conflict in their relationship with the deceased, determine the available resources to the bereaved, and determine the proportion of bereaved employees who needed help.

Knowledge and attitudes of medical students toward death: a cross-sectional comparative study between an Arab and a Western University.

Background: Cultural factors influence attitudes toward death, and gender disparities are evident. Prior studies show that medical students have limited knowledge about death and are uncomfortable with it. Moreover, there is limited research that has examined factors that influence medical students' knowledge and attitudes toward death.

Awareness of Contraceptives and Their Use Among Saudi Women Attending Primary Care Centers in King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Background The objective of this cross-sectional study is to identify the prevalence of contraceptive use and the knowledge and attitudes of Saudi women towards it. Methods We distributed a survey to Saudi women aged 19-49 attending primary care centers under King Abdulaziz Medical City in Riyadh to identify their views on using contraceptives and what they know about them. We calculated the sample size using the Roasoft sample calculator.

Video capsule endoscopy versus computed tomography enterography in assessing suspected small bowel bleeding: a systematic review and diagnostic test accuracy meta-analysis.

Both computed tomography enterography (CTE) and video capsule endoscopy (VCE) are used in identifying small intestinal pathology in patients with suspected small bowel bleeding (SSBB) following normal upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and colonoscopy. Evidence of the comparative accuracy of these two modalities is crucial for clinical and healthcare decision-making. Comprehensive electronic searches were performed for studies on CTE and/or VCE with reference standard(s).

Analysis of the Self-Healing Capability of Thermoplastic Elastomer Capsules in a Polymeric Beam Structure Based on Strain Energy Release Behaviour during Crack Growth.

The objective of this study was to investigate the elastic and plastic responses of 3D-printed thermoplastic elastomer (TPE) beams under various bending loads. The study also aimed to develop a self-healing mechanism using origami TPE capsules embedded within an ABS structure. These cross-shaped capsules have the ability to be either folded or elastically deformed.

Compliance of Healthcare Providers With the Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Introduction Though reporting notifiable diseases is obligatory in Saudi Arabia, and the Saudi Ministry of Health establishes guidelines, there are concerns about healthcare providers' compliance, and studies evaluating the notifiable diseases surveillance system (NDSS) are lacking, underlying the urgent need to assess the compliance of healthcare providers with the NDSS in Saudi Arabia. Methods This cross-sectional study involved doctors, nurses, and epidemiologists working in healthcare facilities in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The data collection was done using a self-administered questionnaire.

Effect of Mn on the Properties of Powder Metallurgy Ti-2.5Al-xMn Alloys.

Titanium alloys are the ideal material for a wide range of structural applications, but their high cost compared to other metals hinders their adoption. Powder metallurgy and cheap alloying elements can be used to create new Ti alloys. In this study, the simultaneous addition of Al and Mn is considered to manufacture and characterise ternary Ti-2.

Guillain-Barré Syndrome in Adults in a Decade: The Largest, Single-Center, Cross-Sectional Study From the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

Background: Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS) is the most common cause of acute, usually post-infectious, peripheral neuropathy resulting in a symmetrical, ascending paralysis. We evaluated the clinical and neurophysiological features, treatment, and outcomes of patients with GBS in our center.

Methods: A retrospective chart review on patients with GBS admitted to King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, from January 2011 to December 2020.

Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice Regarding Fibromyalgia Among Primary Care Physicians in Tabuk, Saudi Arabia.

Background: Adequately informed family physicians have the greatest potential to correctly identify the diagnosis of fibromyalgia (FM) and develop an initial treatment plan. Therefore, it is substantial to determine the levels of weakness and inaccuracy among primary care physicians regarding FM diagnostic criteria and management strategies.

Aim: This study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practices regarding FM among primary care physicians in Tabuk, Saudi Arabia.

High-fat diet-induced resistance to helminth infection via alternative induction of type 2 immunity.

Gastrointestinal nematode infections cause morbidity and socioeconomic loss in the most deprived communities. The shift in the context of obesity has led to spatial overlap with endemic gastrointestinal nematode regions resulting in the emergence of a novel comorbidity. Despite this, the impact of a high-fat diet (HFD) on immune-regulated protection against gastrointestinal infections remains largely unknown.

New ternary powder metallurgy Ti alloys via eutectoid and isomorphous beta stabilisers additions.

A group of new ternary Ti alloys bearing eutectoid and isomorphous beta stabilising elements was created to be manufactured through the conventional powder metallurgy route. The effect of the simultaneous addition of the same amount of Mn and Nb on the manufacturability, properties, and hardening behaviour was investigated. The ternary alloys are composed of the α-Ti and β-Ti phases and have a lamellar microstructure resulting from the slow cooling upon sintering.

Clinical outcomes of single crown and 3-unit bi-layered zirconia-based fixed dental prostheses: An upto 6- year retrospective clinical study: Clinical outcomes of zirconia FDPs.

Objectives: The aim of this retrospective clinical study was to evaluate the survival and the occurrence of technical and biological complications in bi-layered zirconia-based (Zi) single crown and 3-unit fixed dental prostheses (FDPs). Also, the study aimed to analyze the effects of tooth vitality (vital versus non-vital), abutment location (anterior versus posterior), and luting cement (self-adhesive resin versus resin-reinforced glass ionomer) on clinical outcomes.

Methods: A total of 147 prostheses (in 94 patients) placed by undergraduate dental students in a university dental center during the period 2015-2021 were examined clinically using modified United States Public Health Service (USPHS) and California Dental Association (CDA) criteria.

Comparison of pain and extent of anesthesia in digital blocks for isolated finger lacerations: A randomized controlled trial.

Objectives: Digital injuries are among the most common presentations to the emergency department. In order to sufficiently examine and manage these injuries, adequate, prompt, and predictable anesthesia is essential. In this trial, we aim to primarily compare the degree of pain and anesthesia onset time between the two-injection dorsal block technique (TD) and the single-injection volar subcutaneous block (SV) technique.

Fabrication and characterisation of low-cost powder metallurgy Ti-xCu-2.5Al alloys produced for biomedical applications.

Ti and Ti-based materials are of growing interest as biocompatible structural materials in a wide range of biomedical applications. Traditionally, one of the main factors hindering the wider use of this class of materials has been the relatively high manufacturing cost. Today, Ti-6Al-4V remains the most widely used material for dental and orthopaedic implants.

Modelling and Investigation of Crack Growth for 3D-Printed Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) with Various Printing Parameters and Ambient Temperatures.

Three-dimensional (3D) printing is one of the significant industrial manufacturing methods in the modern era. Many materials are used for 3D printing; however, as the most used material in fused deposition modelling (FDM) technology, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) offers good mechanical properties. It is perfect for making structures for industrial applications in complex environments.

Antibacterial Ti-Mn-Cu alloys for biomedical applications.

Titanium alloys are common biomedical materials due to their biocompatibility and mechanical performance. However, titanium alloys are expensive and, unless surface treated, generally cannot prevent surgical infections related to bacteria which can damage the integrity of the implant. In this study, new titanium alloys were developed via powder metallurgy and the addition of manganese and copper, respectively, aiming to limit the manufacturing costs and induce new functionality on the materials including antibacterial response.

Awareness and prevalence of coronary artery disease risk factors among Saudi adults in Dawadmi, Riyadh province: A cross-sectional study.

Objective: Coronary artery disease (CAD) is one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide. Amongst the Middle East countries, Saudi Arabia is facing rapid progressive urbanization by the adoption of a westernized lifestyle and food habits, which contribute to the rising burden of CAD. We aim to evaluate the awareness and prevalence of CAD risk factors among Saudi adults.

Ternary Ti alloys functionalised with antibacterial activity.

Prosthesis bacterial infection occurring during surgery is a rising health issue. Pathogenic bacterial infection causes inflammation, interferes with the healing process, inhibits osteogenesis and, eventually, leads to implant failure. These issues can be tackled either by applying coatings or developing multifunctional (i.

Staphylococcus aureus second immunoglobulin-binding protein drives atopic dermatitis via IL-33.

Background: Staphylococcus aureus is the dominant infective trigger of atopic dermatitis (AD). How this bacterium drives type 2 allergic pathology in the absence of infection in patients with AD is unclear.

Objective: We sought to identify the S aureus-derived virulence factor(s) that initiates the cutaneous type 2-promoting immune response responsible for AD.

Chemical Vapour Deposition of Graphene-Synthesis, Characterisation, and Applications: A Review.

Graphene as the 2D material with extraordinary properties has attracted the interest of research communities to master the synthesis of this remarkable material at a large scale without sacrificing the quality. Although Top-Down and Bottom-Up approaches produce graphene of different quality, chemical vapour deposition (CVD) stands as the most promising technique. This review details the leading CVD methods for graphene growth, including hot-wall, cold-wall and plasma-enhanced CVD.

Behaviour of novel low-cost blended elemental Ti-5Fe-xAl alloys fabricated via powder metallurgy.

Ti alloys, generally made via wrought metallurgy, are commonly used as biomedical materials. The manufacturing of such alloys via powder metallurgy offers the possibility to reduce the cost as well as to develop innovative compositions not otherwise achievable. The aim of this study is to understand the effect that the progressive addition of Al has on the physical and mechanical behaviour of the low-cost powder metallurgy Ti-5Fe alloy for structural biomedical implants.