Visible light-activated curcumin-doped zinc oxide nanoparticles integrated into orthodontic adhesive on Micro-tensile bond strength, degree of conversion, and antibacterial effectiveness against Staphylococcus Aureus. An investigation using scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy.

Aim: To acquire a thorough comprehension of the photoactivated Cur-doped ZnONPs at different concentrations 0%, 2.5%, and 5% on the physical qualities, antibacterial efficacy, degree of conversion, and μshear bond strength between orthodontic brackets and the enamel surface.

Material And Methods: An extensive investigation was carried out utilizing a range of analytical methods, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) combined with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, micro tensile bond strength (μTBS) testing, and evaluation of antibacterial effectiveness.

Effect of Plant-Based Mouthwash ( and ) on TNF-α, IL-α, IL-β, IL-2, and IL-6 in Gingival Crevicular Fluid and Plaque Scores of Patients Undergoing Fixed Orthodontic Treatment.

: To investigate the antiplaque properties of two plant-based mouthwashes, (MC) and (OS), and their effect on TNF-α, IL-α, IL-β, IL-2, and IL-6 in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of patients undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment. : Seventy-five individuals were recruited according to defined inclusion and exclusion criteria. This study was structured into two distinct phases.

Impact of Clinical Pharmacist Running Anticoagulation Clinic in Saudi Arabia.

Despite the effectiveness of warfarin in extended anticoagulation, its narrow therapeutic index requires frequent dose adjustments and careful patient monitoring. Thus, we aimed to evaluate the outcomes of clinical pharmacists' intervention in warfarin therapy management in terms of International Normalized Ratio (INR) control, reduction of bleeding, and hospitalization in a tertiary care hospital. An observational retrospective cohort study was conducted on 96 patients taking warfarin therapy in a clinical pharmacist-led anticoagulation clinic.

Role of six cytokines and bone metabolism biomarkers in gingival crevicular fluid in patients undergoing fixed orthodontic appliance treatment in comparison with aligners: a clinical study.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to assess bone biomarkers and cytokines in patients with conventional labial appliances (CLAs) and aligners.

Materials And Methods: Participants were recruited to undergo orthodontic treatment with CLAs and aligners according to predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Periodontal examination was accomplished at baseline and 4 weeks using the plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), and bleeding on probing (BoP).

Natural and synthetic photosensitizers activated by photodynamic therapy on enamel reconditioning rebonded to metallic brackets: an in vitro study.

Objective: To evaluate the bond efficacy and failure rates of rebonded metallic brackets after enamel reconditioning with chemical 37% phosphoric acid (PA) and natural and synthetic photosensitizers activated by PDT.

Materials And Methods: A total of 50 non-cavitated, and cautiously extracted human premolars were congregated after sample size calculation. The enamel exterior was etched, washed, dried for adhesive application, and cured.

Psychometric Properties and Validation of the Arabic Maslach Burnout Inventory-Student Survey in Saudi Dental Students.

Background: Few studies have studied burnout among dental students worldwide, and no such study is available from Saudi Arabia. In addition, an Arabic version of the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Student Survey (MBI-SS) has not yet been validated for use among students.

Objectives: This study aimed to translate and validate an Arabic version of the MBI-SS questionnaire and to examine the psychometric properties of burnout among dental college students at a university in Saudi Arabia.

Ultrastructural and physicochemical characterization of pH receptive chlorhexidine-loaded poly-L-glycolic acid-modified orthodontic adhesive.

This study aims to evaluate the feasibility of chlorhexidine (CHX)-loaded poly-L-glycolic acid (PLGA) nanoparticles as a modifier of a commercial orthodontic adhesive via the assessment of physicochemical, biological, and mechanical properties at tooth-bracket interface. CHX-loaded PLGA nanoparticles were synthesized using double emulsion-solvent evaporation method and characterized using transmission electron microscopy and Raman analysis. CHX-loaded PLGA nanoparticles in Transbond XT orthodontic adhesive were prepared using two different concentrations of the CHX (25 and 50%) and characterized for degree of conversion (DC), antimicrobial, and cytotoxicity testing.

Bond assessment of enamel conditioned with Er, Cr: YSGG laser and methylene blue photosensitizer activated by photodynamic therapy to orthodontic metallic brackets.

Aim: To assess bond integrity and failure mode after enamel pretreated with conventional and contemporary conditioning methods were bonded to metallic brackets (MB).

Material And Methods: Forty maxillary central incisors were selected and disinfected. All specimens were mounted up to the cement-o-enamel junction and divided into four experimental groups randomly based on the enamel conditioning technique.

Detection of Dental Caries' and Dermatoglyphics' Association with Relative Enamel Thickness Using CBCT Images in Saudi Subpopulation: A Novel Approach.

Background: Dental caries is the localized destruction of dental hard tissues (enamel and dentine). Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth (DMFT) index is the most commonly used dental caries index. Thickness of the outermost part of the tooth called the enamel is determined by the rate of deposition of enamel proteins.

COVID-19 and cardiovascular system-a comprehensive review.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a mystified cryptic virus has challenged the mankind that has brought life to a standstill. Catastrophic loss of life, perplexed healthcare system and the downfall of global economy are some of the outcomes of this pandemic. Humans are raging a war with an unknown enemy.

Effect of ultrasonic scaling with adjunctive photodynamic therapy on the treatment of gingival inflammation among diabetic patients undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment.

Background: The aim of the present clinical trial was to evaluate the effect of methylene blue-mediated antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) on the gingival and immunological parameters in diabetic adolescent patients undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment.

Methods: The selected 40 participants were randomized equally into two groups; Group I (ultrasonic scaling + oral hygiene instructions) and Group II (ultrasonic scaling/oral hygiene instructions + aPDT). Serum HbA1c levels was assessed for all the participants at chairside.

Impact of riboflavin mediated photodynamic disinfection around fixed orthodontic system infected with oral bacteria.

Purpose: The aim of this laboratory study was to investigate the amount of bacterial destruction through riboflavin mediated photodynamic therapy (PDT) around fixed orthodontic devices by using the two strains of bacteria Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sanguinis.

Materials And Methods: A total of 80 metallic brackets were divided into four groups consisting of 20 brackets each. Group-I: riboflavin + LED irradiation; Group-II: riboflavin alone; Group-III: immersion in 0.

Relationship between oral health impacts and personality profiles among orthodontic patients treated with Invisalign clear aligners.

This within subject clinical experiment assessed oral health impacts before and after Invisalign orthodontic treatment and their relationships with personality characteristics. 50 patients (26 females and 24 males; mean age = 27.62 ± 8.

The Tooth Size Discrepancy among Orthodontic Patients and Normal Occlusion Individuals from Saudi Arabia: A Three-Dimensional Scan Analysis of Diagnostic Casts.

Background/purpose: Tooth size discrepancy is one of the causative factors of malocclusion. This study aimed to establish the TDS among various malocclusion classes and normal occlusion subjects in a Southern Saudi population.

Materials And Methods: The study casts of orthodontic patients from Southern Saudi Arabia (mean age: 19.

High altitude as a possible factor for dysbiosis of salivary microbiome in orthodontic patients.

Background: External stressors such as high altitude and low oxygen are known to affect the human microbiome, and in light of the increased occurrence of dental caries and periodontitis in orthodontic patients, the effect of high altitude and the altered oral environment in orthodontic patients on the oral salivary microbiome was researched.

Materials & Methods: 31 orthodontic patients from high altitude, Aseer region and 25 orthodontic patients, residing at sea level, as controls were included. DNA isolation was done from the saliva collected from the study participants.

Efficacy of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy against halitosis in adolescent patients undergoing orthodontic treatment.

Purpose: The aim of the present randomized controlled clinical trial was to evaluate the efficacy of photodynamic therapy (PDT) on halitosis in adolescent patients undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment.

Materials And Methods: Forty-five adolescents with halitosis undergoing orthodontic treatment were equally randomized into three groups: Group - I: provision of treatment through PDT on dorsum of tongue; Group - II: provision of treatment with the help of tongue scrappers (TS); Group - III: provision of treatment with the help of TS and adjunctive PDT. Presence of halitosis confirmed on the basis of gas chromatography and estimation of oral malodour with a cysteine challenge and HS values recorded ≥112 parts per billion (ppb).

Effectiveness of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy in restoring clinical, microbial, proinflammatory cytokines and pain scores in adolescent patients having generalized gingivitis and undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment.

Background: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of photodynamic therapy (PDT) on clinical gingival inflammatory parameters, bacterial load, proinflammatory cytokine status, and pain scores in adolescent patients undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment with gingivitis.

Methods: Thirty adolescent undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment with gingivitis were randomly divided into two groups: Group A - patients undergoing dental scaling (DS) with adjunctive photodynamic therapy (PDT) and Group BDS alone. Clinical gingival parameters including plaque scores, (PS), bleeding on probing (BOP) and probing depth (PD) were assessed.

Clinical periodontal, bacterial, and immunological outcomes of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy in orthodontic treatment-induced gingival enlargement.

Aim: The aim of the present clinical trial is to evaluate the clinical, bacterial, and immunological outcomes of photodynamic therapy (PDT) in adolescent patients with orthodontic treatment-induced gingival enlargement (OTGE).

Materials And Methods: A total of 26 adolescent patients, 16 girls and 10 boys, of mean age 16.8 years, undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment for at least 6 months (mean duration in months, 8.

Application of photodynamic therapy against periodontal bacteria in established gingivitis lesions in adolescent patients undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment.

Background: The aim of this 4 week follow up randomized controlled clinical trial is to evaluate the effectiveness of photodynamic therapy (PDT) as an adjunct to ultrasonic scaling (US) in the reduction of gingival inflammatory parameters and periodontal pathogens in established gingival inflammation in adolescent patients undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment.

Materials And Methods: A total of 22 adolescent patients (mean age: 17.5 years) undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment and presenting with persistent local gingival inflammation were randomized into two groups: Group-US: patients receiving ultrasonic scaling (US) with usual oral hygiene instructions and Group-PDT: in which patients received adjunctive PDT with US.

Evaluation of Clinical and Radiographic Parameters as Dental Indicators for Postmenopausal Osteoporosis.

Purpose: In the early stages, osteoporosis is relatively a silent disease characterised by low bone density with microarchitectural deterioration of the bone tissue leading to enhanced bone fragility. The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between age, body mass index, oral signs, and osteoporosis among postmenopausal women.

Materials And Methods: The study included postmenopausal women who were divided into two groups of subjects.

Unique tooth dislocation into submental space during a pan facial trauma - Importance of an orthopantomogram.

Background: There are certain reported cases of unusual displacements of teeth involved in a maxillofacial trauma to the maxillary sinus, nasal cavity, gastrointestinal tract or the airway, if worst. All these usually lead to complication the worst being death. So enquiring about them is a very essential part of surveying a maxillofacial trauma patient involving dentition.

Debonding characteristics of orthodontic brackets subjected to intraoral stresses under different adhesive regimes: An in-vitro study.

Aim: To evaluate the effect of simulated intraoral hydraulic, thermal, and mechanical stresses on the debonding characteristics of orthodontic brackets under different adhesive regimes.

Materials And Methods: Groups of pre-coated (G1) and non-coated (G2) orthodontic metal brackets were bonded onto the buccal surfaces of 96 premolars using etch-and-rinse (SG1, = 24) and self-etch (SG2, = 24) primers. Twelve specimens (C1) from each subgroup were subjected to early debonding resistance tests, while the other twelve (C2) were used to test delayed debonding resistance after exposure to conditions simulating intraoral hydraulic, thermal, and mechanical stresses.