Medication reconciliation in intensive care units of a tertiary hospital in Saudi Arabia: An evaluation of medication discrepancies.

Background: Patients discharged from intensive care units (ICUs) are at higher risk for medication discrepancies, which can harm patients, increase healthcare costs, and lead to readmission. This study aimed to describe the frequency and types of medication discrepancies among ICU patients upon discharge and identify the factors associated with medication discrepancies.

Materials And Methods: This retrospective cohort study included patients ≥ 18 years old, admitted to medical or surgical ICUs, and discharged on one or more medications.

Pediatric bacterial keratitis: clinical features, causative organisms, and outcome during a 13-year study period.

Objective: To review the clinical features, causative organisms, complications, and outcomes of patients with pediatric bacterial keratitis at a tertiary care eye hospital.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective study at a tertiary care eye centre on clinically diagnosed pediatric patients with bacterial keratitis between 2007 and 2019. Poor outcomes were labelled if any of the following were present: final best-corrected visual acuity worse than 20/200, a drop in best-corrected visual acuity by 1 line or more, perforated corneas, endophthalmitis, and graft failure.

Stressors and coping strategies among secondary school male students in Abha City, Saudi Arabia.

Background: Stress is a biological process in which exposure to stressors is associated with bad health effects, decreased ability of disease management, and a higher likelihood for disease-related complications and comorbidities. Stress has been considered the main factor in the etiology of many diseases such as diabetes mellitus, cardiac diseases, and body aches for centuries. Students meet many stressful situations such as the need for success, academic demands, homesickness, and lack of social support.

Retraction: Urinary Bladder Hernia: A Rare Cause of Urinary Frequency.

[This retracts the article DOI: 10.7759/cureus.20993.

An Orbital Pseudotumor Secondary to Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Case Report.

Nonspecific orbital inflammation (NSOI), the primary cause of painful orbitopathy mostly in adults, can either manifest as localized or diffused. Periorbital edema or swelling is the most common sign followed by proptosis. NSOI or orbital pseudomotor secondary to systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is very uncommon in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

Effect of potential microplastics in sewage effluent on Nile Tilapia and photocatalytic remediation with zinc oxide nanoparticles.

The aim of the present study was a qualitative assessment of potential microplastics (MPs) in the sewage effluent collected from a local sewage treatment plant located in Riyadh City, Saudi Arabia. The composite samples of domestic sewage effluent were subjected to UV (ultraviolet) light-induced zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) mediated photocatalysis. The first phase of the study included the synthesis of the ZnONPs with an extensive characterization.

Laparoscopic Reversion of One-Anastomosis Gastric Bypass to Normal Anatomy: Case Series and Literature Review.

BACKGROUND Revisional bariatric surgeries to other restrictive or malabsorptive procedures are considered for inadequate weight reduction, weight regains, or complications. Literature on the application of reversion of one-anastomosis gastric bypass (OAGB) to normal anatomy is limited. We aimed to report our experiences with 5 OAGB reversion surgeries to normal anatomy that were conducted for different reasons.

COVID-19 infection and thyroid function.

Context: COVID-19 is a new viral infection affecting mainly the respiratory system with involvement of many other organs. Thyroid dysfunction has been described in COVID-19 but data are still unclear and conflicting on its frequency, severity and relationship with the outcome.

Patients And Methods: We assessed thyroid function tests (TFT) in 50 patients admitted to our institution with confirmed COVID-19 infection.

The Role of Ethnic Disparities in the Outcomes of Bariatric Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Bariatric surgery is increasingly performed over the past decade for the treatment of morbid obesity. It has beneficial effects on weight reduction, along with diabetes remission. Conflicting results have been reported to evaluate the effect of ethics differences on the outcomes of bariatric surgery.

Urinary Bladder Hernia: A Rare Cause of Urinary Frequency.

Hernia repair is one of the most commonly performed surgical operations worldwide. Inguinal hernia is a common condition and has a high prevalence rate. Advanced age and male sex are the most important risk factors.

Evaluation of Antibacterial Activity of Pine Tar on Periodontal Pathogenic Bacteria: An In Vitro Study.

Background: Periodontal pathogens play an important role in etiology and pathogenesis of periodontitis. Microbiological examination of sub gingival plaque is used at the present time in etiological research as well as in clinical treatment of periodontitis to select the appropriate antibiotic agent if indicated. Pine tar has been used for the treatment of various skin diseases.

The Impact of COVID-19 Viral Infection on the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis.

Objective: To study the adrenocortical response to an acute coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) infection.

Methods: Morning plasma cortisol, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate levels were measured in 28 consecutive patients with COVID-19 (16 men, 12 women, median age 45.5 years, range 25-69 years) on day 1 to 2 of hospital admission.

Accessory anterolateral talar facet associated with tarsal coalition: prevalence and cross-sectional characterization.

Objective: The accessory anterolateral talar facet (AALTF) is a developmental entity described as a potential cause for rigid, painful flat foot. This study evaluates the possible association between the AALTF and other flat foot etiologies, specifically different types of tarsal coalitions.

Materials And Methods: We evaluated patients with tarsal coalition or sinus tarsi syndrome for an AALTF on CT and MRI.

CT Attenuation of Acute Subdural Hematomas in Patients with Anemia.

Background And Purpose: Isodense and hypodense acute subdural hematomas have been reported in the literature in anemic patients. The purpose of this study is to see if there is a statistically significant difference between the Hounsfield unit measurements of acute subdural hematomas in anemic and nonanemic patients.

Methods: A total of 109 patients were analyzed.

Painful Acute Corneal Ulceration and Anterior Stromal Keratitis in an Adolescent With Reactive Arthritis.

Reactive arthritis is occasionally associated with conjunctivitis and uveitis, but rarely keratitis. The authors describe a patient with paracentral anterior stromal keratitis with overlying epithelial erosion and multiple satellite subepithelial infiltrates. The initial appearance and the severe pain were suggestive of an infectious process.

Resistive Index Variability in Anterior Cerebral Artery Measurements During Daily Transcranial Duplex Sonography: A Predictor of Cerebrovascular Complications in Infants Undergoing Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation?

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine the value of resistive index (RI) variability in predicting cerebrovascular complications during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO).

Methods: This retrospective study included 36 infants treated by ECMO. The RI was measured on daily transfontanellar duplex sonography, obtained first without fontanel compression and then after gentle compression with the transducer.

Hepaticojejunostomy for the management of sump syndrome arising from choledochoduodenostomy in a patient who underwent bariatric Roux-en-Y gastric bypass: A case report.

Introduction: Rapid weight loss following bariatric surgery is associated with high incidence of gallstones and complications that may need bilioenteric diversion. This presents a specific challenge in the management of this group of patients.

Case Presentation: A 37 years old female underwent a Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) in 2008 for morbid obesity.

Triticeous Cartilage CT Imaging Characteristics, Prevalence, Extent, and Distribution of Ossification.

Objective: The triticeous cartilage is a small ovoid cartilaginous structure variably present as a component of the laryngeal skeleton. This structure has received scant attention in the literature and has yet to be described adequately on cross-sectional imaging.

Study Design And Setting: Retrospective study in a tertiary medical center.

Enlarging corneoscleral cyst in a 2-year-old girl.

Cysts rarely develop within the cornea or sclera of children with no previous history of trauma or surgery. Primary corneoscleral cysts may arise from proliferation of anomalously situated epithelial or endothelial cells. We report the case of a 2-year-old girl with a primary enlarging cyst situated at the limbus of her left eye.

Mid-infrared Mueller ellipsometer with pseudo-achromatic optical elements.

The purpose of this article is to present a new broadband Mueller ellipsometer designed to work in the mid-infrared range, from 3 to 14 μm. The Mueller ellipsometer, which can be mounted in reflection or in transmission configuration, consists of a polarization state generator (PSG), a sample holder, and a polarization state analyzer (PSA). The PSG consists of one linear polarizer and a retarder sequentially rotated to generate a set of four optimal polarization states.

Cranial nerve palsies in childhood.

We review ocular motor cranial nerve palsies in childhood and highlight many of the features that differentiate these from their occurrence in adulthood. The clinical characteristics of cranial nerve palsies in childhood are affected by the child's impressive ability to repair and regenerate after injury. Thus, aberrant regeneration is very common after congenital III palsy; Duane syndrome, the result of early repair after congenital VI palsy, is invariably associated with retraction of the globe in adduction related to the innervation of the lateral rectus by the III nerve causing co-contraction in adduction.

Apparent diffusion coefficient scalars correlate with near-infrared spectroscopy markers of cerebrovascular autoregulation in neonates cooled for perinatal hypoxic-ischemic injury.

Background And Purpose: Neurologic morbidity remains high in neonates with perinatal hypoxic-ischemic injury despite therapeutic hypothermia. DTI provides qualitative and quantitative information about the microstructure of the brain, and a near-infrared spectroscopy index can assess cerebrovascular autoregulation. We hypothesized that lower ADC values would correlate with worse autoregulatory function.

Variability of resistive indices in the anterior cerebral artery during fontanel compression in preterm and term neonates measured by transcranial duplex sonography.

Objective: To determine the normal range of resistive index (RI) variability in clinically/neurologically unremarkable preterm and term infants and to compare the hemodynamic response to transient elevation of intracranial pressure.

Study Design: We measured RIs at baseline and following brief fontanel compression, assessing for differences in mean baseline and compression values and percent change.

Result: One hundred and twenty-nine subjects were included in the study.

Mouse model of intrauterine inflammation: sex-specific differences in long-term neurologic and immune sequelae.

Preterm infants, especially those that are exposed to prenatal intrauterine infection or inflammation, are at a major risk for adverse neurological outcomes, including cognitive, motor and behavioral disabilities. We have previously shown in a mouse model that there is an acute fetal brain insult associated with intrauterine inflammation. The objectives of this study were: (1) to elucidate long-term (into adolescence and adulthood) neurological outcomes by assessing neurobehavioral development, MRI, immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry of cells of immune origin and (2) to determine whether there are any sex-specific differences in brain development associated with intrauterine inflammation.