Presence and Persistence of Bacteria before and after Hospital Wastewater Treatment.

The metagenomic surveillance of antimicrobial resistance in wastewater has been suggested as a methodological tool to characterize the distribution, status, and trends of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. In this study, a cross-sectional collection of samples of hospital-associated raw and treated wastewater were obtained from February to March 2020. Shotgun metagenomic sequencing and bioinformatic analysis were performed to characterize bacterial abundance and antimicrobial resistance gene analysis.

Mouse and human immune responses share neutralization epitopes of HAstV-VA1.

Unlabelled: Astroviruses are highly divergent and infect a wide variety of animal hosts. In 2009, a genetically divergent human astrovirus (HAstV) strain VA1 was first identified in an outbreak of acute gastroenteritis. This strain has also been associated with fatal central nervous system disease.

Presence of SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells before vaccination in the Mexican population.

The immune response to SARS-CoV-2 has been extensively studied following the pandemic outbreak in 2020; however, the presence of specific T cells against SARS-CoV-2 before vaccination has not been evaluated in Mexico. In this study, we estimated the frequency of T CD4+ and T CD8+ cells that exhibit a specific response to S (spike) and N (nucleocapsid) proteins in a Mexican population. We collected 78 peripheral blood samples from unvaccinated subjects, and the presence of antibodies against spike (RBD) and N protein was determined.

Multidrug-Resistant sp. and sp. in Municipal and Hospital Wastewater: A Longitudinal Study.

The objective of the study was to detect multidrug-resistant sp. and sp. isolates in municipal and hospital wastewater and to determine their elimination or persistence after wastewater treatment.

Who is getting COVID-19 boosters? A latent class analysis in a nationally representative sample of Mexican adults 60 years and over.

Objective: Estimate COVID-19 vaccine booster uptake and identify sociodemographic profiles associated with vaccine booster uptake in Mexican adults aged 60 and older.

Methods: Using data from the 2022 National Health and Nutrition Survey, we estimated COVID-19 booster uptake in Mexican adults 60 and older. We conducted a latent class analysis using sociodemographic characteristics and then estimated group-specific booster prevalence.

Antigenic determinants of HAstV-VA1 neutralization and their relevance in the human immune response.

Unlabelled: Astroviruses are highly divergent and infect a wide variety of animal hosts. In 2009, a genetically divergent human astrovirus (HAstV) strain VA1 was first identified in an outbreak of acute gastroenteritis. This strain has also been associated with fatal central nervous system disease.

The Omicron wave in Mexico: vaccine protection against progression to severe Covid-19 in SARS-CoV-2-infected workers.

Objective: To assess the effectiveness of seven Covid-19 vaccines in preventing disease progression (DP) using data from national private sector workers during the Omicron wave in Mexico from January 2 to March 5, 2022.

Materials And Methods: This study employed an administrative retrospective cohort design, analyzing DP (hospitalization or death due to respiratory disease) among workers who filed a respiratory short-term disability claim and tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. Risk ratios (RRadj) were estimated using Poisson regression models adjusted for various factors.

[Not Available].

Objetivo: Describir la prevalencia de anticuerpos contra SARS-CoV-2, vacunación, barreras y rechazo a la vacunación Covid-19 en población mexicana. Material y métodos. Se utilizó información de los integrantes del hogar de uno y más años, incluidos en la Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición Continua 2022 (Ensanut Continua 2022) realizada de agosto-noviembre.

[Not Available].

Objetivo: Presentar la metodología de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición 2023 (Ensanut 2023) y describir los procedimientos de inferencia para conjuntar la información colectada por la Ensanut Continua 2020-2024. Material y métodos. La Ensanut 2023 es la cuarta encuesta de la serie Ensanut Continua.

Barriers, refusal and a hypothetical monetary incentive for Covid-19 vaccination in Mexican adults.

Objective: To estimate vaccine uptake and assess sociodemographic conditions associated with vaccination barriers and refusal and to explore the effect of a monetary incentive to overcome them.

Materials And Methods: We used data from adults from the 2021 National Continuous Health and Nutrition Survey conducted during August-October 2021. We evaluated if an hypothetical monetary incentive between 50-650 MXN (~2.

SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence and vaccine coverage from August to November 2021: A nationally representative survey in Mexico.

We aimed to estimate self-reported vaccine coverage and SARS-CoV-2 anti-N and anti-S seroprevalence in Mexico overall and for five vaccine types. We used a nationally representative survey with 7236 dried blood spot samples for adults 18 years and older collected from August to November 2021. Anti-N and anti-S seroprevalence were estimated adjusting for the sensitivity and specificity of the immunoassay test.

Structural and immunological basis of cross-reactivity between dengue and Zika infections: Implications in serosurveillance in endemic regions.

Dengue and Zika are arthropod-borne viral diseases present in more than 100 countries around the world. In the past decade, Zika emerged causing widespread outbreaks in new regions, where dengue has been endemic-epidemic for a long period. The wide and extensive dissemination of the mosquito vectors, , and , favor the co-existence of both infections in the same regions.

Spatiotemporal patterns of dengue and Zika incidence during the 2015-2018 outbreak of Zika in Mexico.

Objective: Evaluate spatially and temporally simultaneous presence of clusters of dengue and Zika clinical cases and their relationship with expected dengue transmission risk.

Materials And Methods: A classification of dengue risk transmission was carried out for whole country, and spatial autocorrelation analyses to identify clusters of confirmed clinical cases of dengue and Zika from 2015 to 2018 was conducted using Moran's Index statistics.

Results: Clusters of both diseases were identified in dengue-high risk munici-palities at the beginning of the outbreak, but, at the end of the outbreak, Zika clusters occurred in dengue low-risk mu-nicipalities.

[Not Available].

Objetivo: Presentar el diseño de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición (Ensanut) 2022 y cuantificar el avance de la Ensanut Continua 2020-2024. Material y métodos. La Ensanut 2022 es la tercera encuesta de la serie de en-cuestas denominada Ensanut Continua 2020-2024.

Diagnosis of bacterial meningitis caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis, and Haemophilus influenzae using a multiplex real-time PCR technique.

Bacterial meningitis is one of the diseases that, despite the introduction of several vaccines, remains a serious public health concern. Streptococcus pneumoniae (Spn), Neisseria meningitidis (Nm), and Haemophilus influenzae (Hi) are responsible for most cases diagnosed in children, adolescents, and adult population. Rapid, sensitive, and specific laboratory assays are critical for effective diagnosis and treatment, particularly in countries like Mexico in which culture positivity rates are very low due to the use of antibiotics prior to sample collection and to delay in transporting samples to the laboratory.

Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns and Clonal Distribution of . , spp. and spp. Strains Isolated from Two Hospital Wastewater Plants.

The objective of this study was to determine the presence and persistence of antimicrobial-resistant enterobacteria and their clonal distribution in hospital wastewater. A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out in wastewater from two Mexico City tertiary level hospitals. In February and March of 2020, eight wastewater samples were collected and 26 isolates of enterobacteria were recovered, 19 (73.

Antimicrobial resistance: One Health approach.

In this research, a review of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is conducted as part of the One Health approach. A review of publications, which included "antimicrobial resistance" and "One Health," was conducted. Among the global health problems, AMR is the one that most clearly illustrates the One Health approach.

SARS-CoV-2 infection fatality rate after the first epidemic wave in Mexico.

Background: Estimates of SARS-CoV-2 infection fatality rates (IFRs) in developing countries remain poorly characterized. Mexico has one of the highest reported COVID-19 case-fatality rates worldwide, although available estimates do not consider serologic assessment of prior exposure nor all SARS-CoV-2-related deaths. We aimed to estimate sex- and age-specific IFRs for SARS-CoV-2 in Mexico.

Nationally representative SARS-CoV-2 antibody prevalence estimates after the first epidemic wave in Mexico.

Seroprevalence surveys provide estimates of the extent of SARS-CoV-2 infections in the population, regardless of disease severity and test availability. In Mexico in 2020, COVID-19 cases reached a maximum in July and December. We aimed to estimate the national and regional seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies across demographic and socioeconomic groups in Mexico after the first wave, from August to November 2020.

[Not Available].

Objetivo. Investigar el cumplimiento de las recomendacio-nes de aislamiento ante síntomas de Covid-19 o contacto con un caso. Material y métodos.

Family and household characteristics associated with seropositive cases to SARS-CoV-2 across Mexican households.

Objective: To assess the association of family and housing characteristics with the number of seropositive cases to SARS-CoV-2 in households.

Materials And Methods: We analyzed 874 households from Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición (Ensanut) 2020 Covid-19 using Poisson regression models.

Results: The number of seropositive family members was higher among families composed of children/adolescents, adults and older adults, households with more than two members per bedroom, and among households with closed windows.

[Not Available].

México cuenta con más de tres décadas de gran experiencia en la aplicación de Encuestas Nacionales de Salud. La primera Encuesta de Salud fue realizada por la Secretaría de Salud (SS) en el año de 1986; tan sólo dos años después se llevó a cabo la primera Encuesta Nacional de Nutrición, enfocada al área materno-infantil. Posteriormente, la Secretaría de Salud encargó al Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública (INSP) que realizara en 1999 una segunda Encuesta Nacional de Nutrición materno-infantil y, en el año 2000, una Encuesta Nacional de Salud.