The diagnostic significance of trophoblast cell-surface antigen-2 expression in benign and malignant thyroid lesions.

Context: Thyroid cancers are the most common malignancy of the endocrine system. Over-expression of trophoblast cell-surface antigen 2 (TROP-2) in various tumors has been found to correlate with poor prognosis and aggressive tumor behavior.

Aims: The aim of this study was to evaluateTROP-2 expression in thyroid neoplasms.

HMGB1 expression in urothelial carcinoma of the bladder.

Purpose: HMGB1, the most important member of the high mobility group box protein family, is a nuclear protein with different functions in the cell; it has a role in cancer progression, angiogenesis, invasion, and metastasis development. We studied the expression of HMGB1 and whether it is a prognostic factor in urothelial carcinoma of bladder (UCB) or not.

Methods: The study included 90 cases that were histopathologically diagnosed with UCB in the tissue samples obtained by transurethral resection (TUR).

High Mobility Group Box 1 (HMGB1) expression in gastric adenocarcinomas.

Purpose: High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), the most important member of the high mobility group box protein family, is a nuclear protein with different functions in the cell; it has a role in cancer progression, angiogenesis, invasion, and metastasis development. The purpose of this study was to investigate the expression of HMGB-1 in gastric adenocarcinoma (GC) and to evaluate its diagnostic and prognostic value.

Methods: This study included 85 cases histopathologically diagnosed with GC.

Expression of human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) in thyroid neoplasms.

Purpose: Distinction of thyroid neoplasms that include papillary carcinoma (PC) and follicular carcinoma (FC) from benign thyroid neoplasms can be performed successfully by histopathologic examination in most of the cases. However, in some cases it may be difficult to distinct PC and FC as well as FC and follicular adenoma (FA) and also FA and the dominant nodule of multinodular goiter (MNG) histopathologically. In this study, we aimed to determine the role of expression of the human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) in the distinction of thyroid neoplasms and its relation with prognostic factors by immunohistochemical methods.

Expression of claudin 1, 4 and 7 in thyroid neoplasms.

The distinction of thyroid carcinoma from benign thyroid neoplasm, as well as the subtyping of papillary carcinoma (PC) and follicular carcinoma (FC), may be performed histopathologically in the majority of cases. However, in certain cases, it is difficult to histopathologically distinguish between PC and FC, as well as follicular adenoma (FA), FC and the dominant nodule of multinodular goiter (MNG-DN). The present study aimed to determine the roles of the expression levels of the tight junction proteins claudin 1, 4 and 7 in the differential diagnosis of PC, FC, FA, MNG-DN, medullary carcinoma (MC) and anaplastic carcinoma (AC).