Stereological and Morphometric Analysis of MRI Chiari Malformation Type-1.

Objective: In this study, we aimed to investigate the underlying ethiological factors in chiari malformation (CM) type-I (CMI) via performing volumetric and morphometric length-angle measurements.

Methods: A total of 66 individuals [33 patients (20-65 years) with CMI and 33 control subjects] were included in this study. In sagittal MR images, tonsillar herniation length and concurrent anomalies were evaluated.

Assessment of neural alterations in obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome: can apparent diffusion coefficient measurements be useful?

Background And Aims: Our aim was to investigate whether neurological alteration in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS) with apparently normal cerebral and cerebellar structures can be assessed by means of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) measurement and to investigate the association between OSAS severity and ADC values.

Methods: Following the acquisition of diffusion-weighted cranial magnetic resonance imaging, ADC measurements were performed in 24 different apparently normal cerebral and cerebellar structures, including the bilateral frontal and parietal cortices, insulae, cingulate gyri, hippocampi, frontal and parieto-occipital periventricular white matter (PWM), caudate nuclei, putamen, thalami, cerebellar hemispheres, pons and mesencephalon in 47 OSAS patients and 20 control subjects. The ADC values of the patients and the control group were compared.

Pneumocephalus and pneumorrhachis after spinal surgery: case report and review of the literature.

Trauma is a common cause of pneumocephalus, or air in the cranial cavity, and of pneumorrhachis, or the presence of intraspinal air. After spinal surgery, occurrence of pneumocephalus, especially with pneumorrhachis, is extremely rare. We report the case of a patient who developed pneumocephalus and pneumorrhachis after lumbar disc surgery and pedicle screw fixation.

Association of Chiari I malformation and cerebellar ectopia with sensorineural hearing loss.

We aimed to examine the prevalence of cerebellar tonsil ectopia and Chiari 1 malformation in sensorineural hearing loss (SHL) that has, to the best of our knowledge, not been studied previously. Magnetic resonance imaging records of 166 subjects with SHL and 50 controls without known otologic disturbances were included in the study. A tonsils descent more than 2 mm was assumed as cerebellar ectopia, and a descent equal to or more than 5 mm was assumed as Chiari 1 malformation.

Association of the polymorphisms of vitamin D receptor and aggrecan genes with degenerative disc disease.

The aim of this study was to investigate the association between the polymorphisms of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) and aggrecan genes and degenerative disc disease in young Turkish patients. Aggrecan and VDR proteins are the main components of bone and cartilage. In our study, the polymorphisms of the VDR and aggrecan genes were investigated in a total of 300 individuals regarding disc degeneration and herniation.

Evaluation of mental foramina in adult living crania with MDCT.

Purpose: Multi-detector Computed Tomography (MDCT) is an exquisite technique in demonstrating the cranial foramina. This study aimed to assess the anatomic variations and locations of mental foramina in living adult mandible by MDCT.

Methods: MDCT data of 100 dentulous adult subjects were collected from the high-resolution examinations that covered the mandible.

Prenatal diagnosis of a fetal intracranial immature teratoma.

Congenital intracranial teratoma is a rare disease. A fetus with a congenital intracranial teratoma presenting with a hydrocephalus at 27 weeks' gestation is presented. Prenatal ultrasonography and fetal magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated a huge, heterogeneous intracranial mass including the infra- and supratentorial region and polyhydramnios.

Variations of supraorbital foramina in living subjects evaluated with multidetector computed tomography.

Background: We aimed to evaluate the anatomic variations of supraorbital foramina/notches in living subjects using multidetector CT (MDCT) related to age, sex, and side.

Methods: Computer records of 399 patients (207 men and 192 women) referred for high-resolution CT examinations were evaluated for presence, shape, width, and distance from the nasion.

Results: The most common presentation was single notch.

Polycystic ovary syndrome is related to idiopathic intracranial hypertension according to magnetic resonance imaging and magnetic resonance venography.

Magnetic resonance imaging and magnetic resonance venography findings of 30 women with polycystic ovary syndrome and headache were studied prospectively. Our magnetic resonance imaging and magnetic resonance venography findings support that polycystic ovary syndrome with severe headache is a promoter of idiopathic intracranial hypertension.

The effects of levodopa use on diffusion coefficients in various brain regions in Parkinson's disease.

We aimed to evaluate the effects of l-dopa use on apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values of different brain regions in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients. Thirty-five subjects underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), including 21 PD patients (13 men, 8 women; mean age, 63 years+/-8), and 14 sex and age-matched control subjects. PD patients were separated into two groups according to the duration of l-dopa usage: patients using l-dopa less and more than 1 year.

Hemodynamic changes in the cephalic vein of patients with hemodialysis arteriovenous fistula.

Purpose: To assess via Doppler sonography the hemodynamic changes in the cephalic vein after creation of an arteriovenous fistula, and to compare radiocephalic and brachiocephalic fistulas.

Methods: Thirty-three hemodialysis patients and 54 controls were enrolled in the study. The cephalic vein was examined with a 7.

Cerebral and cerebellar ADC values during a migraine attack.

Introduction: We investigated the diffusion-weighted MRI changes, apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values, and conventional MRI findings in specific brain areas during migraine attacks in patients with and without aura.

Methods: Included in the study were 22 patients (2 male, 20 female) aged between 17 and 49 years who were diagnosed as having migraine according to the diagnostic criteria of the International Headache Society. Also included in the study were 18 age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers.

Large cystic infiltrating ductal carcinoma in male breast.

Cystic infiltrating ductal carcinoma is a very rare entity that, to the best of our knowledge, has not yet been reported in males. We report the sonographic and CT findings of a large cystic infiltrating ductal carcinoma in a 51-year-old man. Cystic infiltrating ductal carcinoma is a very rare entity that, to the best of our knowledge, has not yet been reported in males.

Doppler sonography evaluation of flow velocity and volume of the extracranial internal carotid and vertebral arteries in healthy adults.

Purpose: To measure with Doppler sonography the velocity and volume of blood flow in the extracranial internal carotid artery (ICA) and vertebral artery (VA) of healthy adults and to calculate total cerebral blood flow volume (tCBFV).

Methods: Bilateral ICA and VA were examined sonographically in 180 healthy adults. Angle-corrected peak systolic (Vps), end-diastolic (Ved), and time-averaged maximum blood flow velocity (TAV) were measured in pulsed Doppler mode, and the resistance index (RI) and pulsatility index (PI) were calculated.

Acute effect of smoking on gallbladder emptying and refilling in chronic smokers and nonsmokers: a sonographic study.

Aim: To ultrasonographically evaluate the acute effects of smoking on gallbladder contraction and refilling in chronic smokers and nonsmokers.

Methods: Fifteen chronic smokers (21-30 years old) and fifteen nonsmokers (21-35 years old) participated in this study. Chronic smokers were selected among the volunteers who had been smoking for at least 5 years and 10 cigarettes per day (mean 17.

Effects of sildenafil citrate (Viagra) on renal arteries: an evaluation with Doppler ultrasound.

Introduction: We aimed to determine hemodynamic alterations in renal arteries that may have resulted from oral intake of sildenafil citrate in healthy volunteers.

Materials And Methods: Twelve healthy volunteers were included in our study. Renal Doppler ultrasonography (US) was performed before the drug intake to assess the basal values.

Effect of sildenafil citrate on postprandial gallbladder motility.

Objective: Sildenafil stimulates the nitric oxide-cyclic guanosine monophosphate (NO-cGMP) pathway through inhibition of type 5 phosphodiesterase. NO-cGMP pathway causes smooth muscle relaxation. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of sildenafil on gallbladder motility.

Extracranial carotid Doppler ultrasound evaluation of cerebral blood flow volume in COPD patients.

Objective: Doppler ultrasound of extracranial internal carotid artery (ICA) and vertebral artery (VA) were performed and total cerebral blood flow volume (tCBFV) was evaluated in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients. CBFV changes due to blood gas changes were also evaluated.

Methods: Bilateral ICA and VA have been examined with 7.

Evaluation of total cerebral blood flow volume in cerebral atrophy.

The goal of our study is to determine total cerebral blood flow volume (tCBFV) via extracranial Doppler ultrasound and to investigate its value in the differential diagnosis of dementia. Twenty-eight outpatients with cerebral atrophy confirmed by cranial computed tomography were enrolled into the study. Nine patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and nine patients with vascular dementia (VaD) based on neuropsychologic test and imaging findings, as well as 10 neurologically normal elderly subjects underwent Doppler sonographic examination of extracranial internal carotid artery (ICA) and vertebral artery (VA).

Evaluation of cerebral blood flow volume using color duplex sonography in patients with untreated panic disorder.

The aim of this study was to compare cerebral blood flow (CBF) using color duplex sonography in panic disorder and normal controls. We report 24 untreated patients and 20 healthy subjects. State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, Beck Depression Inventory, Beck Anxiety Inventory, and Symptom Check List-90 were completed on each subject.

Klippel-Feil syndrome associated with pneumatocyst of the right cervical rib.

A patient with Klippel-Feil syndrome reported with a pneumatocyst of the proximal epiphysis of a right cervical rib. There was no additional skeletal abnormality except for fusion of the C3 and C4 vertebral bodies. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported instance of this particular association.

Evaluation of the upper airway cross-sectional area changes in different degrees of severity of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome: cephalometric and dynamic CT study.

Background And Purpose: The upper airway lumen is narrower in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) than normal subjects. In this study, we examined changes of the upper airway cross-sectional area in each phase of respiration in different degrees of severity of OSAS with dynamic CT and investigated whether these changes have any correlation with sleep apnea severity parameters, including polysomnography (PSG) and cephalometry.

Materials And Methods: Between May and November 2004, 47 patients who had at least 2 of 3 major symptoms of snoring, daytime somnolence, and apnea with witness were included in this prospective study.

Agenesis of sphenoid sinus: three cases.

Paranasal sinus agenesis is an unusual clinical condition. The frontal sinus agenesis is more frequently seen, whereas agenesis of the sphenoid sinus is extremely rare. This report presents three new cases of sphenoid sinus agenesis.